Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania

Victoria Anthony Nderumaki; Francis Xavier Mkanda; Josephat Alexander Saria

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12

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Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania

Victoria Anthony Nderumaki, Francis Xavier Mkanda, Josephat Alexander Saria

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 5, Issue 6)

Received: 17 September 2017 Accepted: 4 October 2017 Published: 11 December 2017

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Abstract

The pace at which cultivation is expanding in the pastoral livelihood zones accentuates the need to take a pro-active role in choosing land use practices that increase food production in areas such as Longido District where climate variability renders agricultural production uncertain, but pastoralism as the mainstay of the economy. This study used a structured questionnaire to randomly assess the perceived impact of expansion of cultivation on 165 respondents in three ecological zones, namely Lowlands, Hills, and Mountains of Longido District in Northern Tanzania. Results show that expansion of cultivation results into reduced herd-splitting, a practice that enhances niche specialization grazing land by browsers and grazers. It also leads to loss of grazing land, restricted livestock movement, and escalation of conflicts between pastoralists and farmers. Considering the role pastoralism in the district, these effects are a potential threat to pasture availability, livestock productivity, and food security. To minimize the threat, it would be appropriate for the Longido District authorities, in conjunction with the communities, to establish reserves of grazing lands based on ecological zones. Such areas would have to be protected by traditional rules, coupled with village by laws that shall be strictly enforced as part of a food-security policy.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 5, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12
Page(s)	159-166
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Expansion of Cultivation, Grazing Land, Food Insecurity, Pastoralism, Ecological Zones

References

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APA Style

Victoria Anthony Nderumaki, Francis Xavier Mkanda, Josephat Alexander Saria. (2017). Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 5(6), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12

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ACS Style

Victoria Anthony Nderumaki; Francis Xavier Mkanda; Josephat Alexander Saria. Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2017, 5(6), 159-166. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12

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AMA Style

Victoria Anthony Nderumaki, Francis Xavier Mkanda, Josephat Alexander Saria. Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2017;5(6):159-166. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12,
  author = {Victoria Anthony Nderumaki and Francis Xavier Mkanda and Josephat Alexander Saria},
  title = {Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {159-166},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20170506.12},
  abstract = {The pace at which cultivation is expanding in the pastoral livelihood zones accentuates the need to take a pro-active role in choosing land use practices that increase food production in areas such as Longido District where climate variability renders agricultural production uncertain, but pastoralism as the mainstay of the economy. This study used a structured questionnaire to randomly assess the perceived impact of expansion of cultivation on 165 respondents in three ecological zones, namely Lowlands, Hills, and Mountains of Longido District in Northern Tanzania. Results show that expansion of cultivation results into reduced herd-splitting, a practice that enhances niche specialization grazing land by browsers and grazers. It also leads to loss of grazing land, restricted livestock movement, and escalation of conflicts between pastoralists and farmers. Considering the role pastoralism in the district, these effects are a potential threat to pasture availability, livestock productivity, and food security. To minimize the threat, it would be appropriate for the Longido District authorities, in conjunction with the communities, to establish reserves of grazing lands based on ecological zones. Such areas would have to be protected by traditional rules, coupled with village by laws that shall be strictly enforced as part of a food-security policy.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania
AU  - Victoria Anthony Nderumaki
AU  - Francis Xavier Mkanda
AU  - Josephat Alexander Saria
Y1  - 2017/12/11
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 159
EP  - 166
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12
AB  - The pace at which cultivation is expanding in the pastoral livelihood zones accentuates the need to take a pro-active role in choosing land use practices that increase food production in areas such as Longido District where climate variability renders agricultural production uncertain, but pastoralism as the mainstay of the economy. This study used a structured questionnaire to randomly assess the perceived impact of expansion of cultivation on 165 respondents in three ecological zones, namely Lowlands, Hills, and Mountains of Longido District in Northern Tanzania. Results show that expansion of cultivation results into reduced herd-splitting, a practice that enhances niche specialization grazing land by browsers and grazers. It also leads to loss of grazing land, restricted livestock movement, and escalation of conflicts between pastoralists and farmers. Considering the role pastoralism in the district, these effects are a potential threat to pasture availability, livestock productivity, and food security. To minimize the threat, it would be appropriate for the Longido District authorities, in conjunction with the communities, to establish reserves of grazing lands based on ecological zones. Such areas would have to be protected by traditional rules, coupled with village by laws that shall be strictly enforced as part of a food-security policy.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Victoria Anthony Nderumaki

Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, The Open University of Tanzania, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
Francis Xavier Mkanda

C/O George Nxumalo, Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Mzuzu, Malawi
Josephat Alexander Saria

Department of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, The Open University of Tanzania, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

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APA Style

Victoria Anthony Nderumaki, Francis Xavier Mkanda, Josephat Alexander Saria. (2017). Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 5(6), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12

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ACS Style

Victoria Anthony Nderumaki; Francis Xavier Mkanda; Josephat Alexander Saria. Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2017, 5(6), 159-166. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12

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AMA Style

Victoria Anthony Nderumaki, Francis Xavier Mkanda, Josephat Alexander Saria. Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2017;5(6):159-166. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12,
  author = {Victoria Anthony Nderumaki and Francis Xavier Mkanda and Josephat Alexander Saria},
  title = {Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {159-166},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20170506.12},
  abstract = {The pace at which cultivation is expanding in the pastoral livelihood zones accentuates the need to take a pro-active role in choosing land use practices that increase food production in areas such as Longido District where climate variability renders agricultural production uncertain, but pastoralism as the mainstay of the economy. This study used a structured questionnaire to randomly assess the perceived impact of expansion of cultivation on 165 respondents in three ecological zones, namely Lowlands, Hills, and Mountains of Longido District in Northern Tanzania. Results show that expansion of cultivation results into reduced herd-splitting, a practice that enhances niche specialization grazing land by browsers and grazers. It also leads to loss of grazing land, restricted livestock movement, and escalation of conflicts between pastoralists and farmers. Considering the role pastoralism in the district, these effects are a potential threat to pasture availability, livestock productivity, and food security. To minimize the threat, it would be appropriate for the Longido District authorities, in conjunction with the communities, to establish reserves of grazing lands based on ecological zones. Such areas would have to be protected by traditional rules, coupled with village by laws that shall be strictly enforced as part of a food-security policy.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Expansion of Cultivation on Pastoralism as a Food-Security Measure in Longido District, Northern Tanzania
AU  - Victoria Anthony Nderumaki
AU  - Francis Xavier Mkanda
AU  - Josephat Alexander Saria
Y1  - 2017/12/11
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 159
EP  - 166
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170506.12
AB  - The pace at which cultivation is expanding in the pastoral livelihood zones accentuates the need to take a pro-active role in choosing land use practices that increase food production in areas such as Longido District where climate variability renders agricultural production uncertain, but pastoralism as the mainstay of the economy. This study used a structured questionnaire to randomly assess the perceived impact of expansion of cultivation on 165 respondents in three ecological zones, namely Lowlands, Hills, and Mountains of Longido District in Northern Tanzania. Results show that expansion of cultivation results into reduced herd-splitting, a practice that enhances niche specialization grazing land by browsers and grazers. It also leads to loss of grazing land, restricted livestock movement, and escalation of conflicts between pastoralists and farmers. Considering the role pastoralism in the district, these effects are a potential threat to pasture availability, livestock productivity, and food security. To minimize the threat, it would be appropriate for the Longido District authorities, in conjunction with the communities, to establish reserves of grazing lands based on ecological zones. Such areas would have to be protected by traditional rules, coupled with village by laws that shall be strictly enforced as part of a food-security policy.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download