Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake

Yoshiko Muto; Eiichi Kurashima; Kiyohito Yamamoto; Koji Harashina

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16

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Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake

Yoshiko Muto, Eiichi Kurashima, Kiyohito Yamamoto, Koji Harashina

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 19 January 2016 Accepted: 1 February 2016 Published: 23 February 2016

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Abstract

The Otomo rice field zone in Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture was catastrophically damaged by large-scale subsidence and the tsunami that followed the Great East Japan earthquake, which occurred on March 11th, 2011. Electrical conductivity of underground water, bulk electrical conductivity of the soil, and various meteorological elements were observed at a fixed point for eight months. The electrical conductivity of underground water fluctuated irregularly at the beginning of the observation period, temporarily reaching up to 5 Sm^-1 at sea level. After some time, an overall decreasing trend prevailed, and when the observations ended the conductivity of the water had dropped to 0.55 Sm^-1. The bulk electrical conductivity of the soil also decreased gradually, from 0.4 to 0.3 Sm^-1, over the eight months, which is likely linked to the interactions between rainfall and seawater intrusions. The decrease in soil conductivity has been more gradual here than in the regions affected by the tsunami following the earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra on December 26th, 2004, and in our study area it has not yet decreased to a level that would allow the resumption of rice farming. It is proposed that this difference is a result of the subsidence in Iwate Prefecture.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16
Page(s)	31-38
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

East Japan Great Earthquake, Subsidence, Rice Field, Hydrological Elements, Electrical Conductivity

References

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APA Style

Yoshiko Muto, Eiichi Kurashima, Kiyohito Yamamoto, Koji Harashina. (2016). Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 4(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16

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ACS Style

Yoshiko Muto; Eiichi Kurashima; Kiyohito Yamamoto; Koji Harashina. Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2016, 4(1), 31-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16

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AMA Style

Yoshiko Muto, Eiichi Kurashima, Kiyohito Yamamoto, Koji Harashina. Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2016;4(1):31-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16,
  author = {Yoshiko Muto and Eiichi Kurashima and Kiyohito Yamamoto and Koji Harashina},
  title = {Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20160401.16},
  abstract = {The Otomo rice field zone in Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture was catastrophically damaged by large-scale subsidence and the tsunami that followed the Great East Japan earthquake, which occurred on March 11th, 2011. Electrical conductivity of underground water, bulk electrical conductivity of the soil, and various meteorological elements were observed at a fixed point for eight months. The electrical conductivity of underground water fluctuated irregularly at the beginning of the observation period, temporarily reaching up to 5 Sm-1 at sea level. After some time, an overall decreasing trend prevailed, and when the observations ended the conductivity of the water had dropped to 0.55 Sm-1. The bulk electrical conductivity of the soil also decreased gradually, from 0.4 to 0.3 Sm-1, over the eight months, which is likely linked to the interactions between rainfall and seawater intrusions. The decrease in soil conductivity has been more gradual here than in the regions affected by the tsunami following the earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra on December 26th, 2004, and in our study area it has not yet decreased to a level that would allow the resumption of rice farming. It is proposed that this difference is a result of the subsidence in Iwate Prefecture.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake
AU  - Yoshiko Muto
AU  - Eiichi Kurashima
AU  - Kiyohito Yamamoto
AU  - Koji Harashina
Y1  - 2016/02/23
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16
AB  - The Otomo rice field zone in Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture was catastrophically damaged by large-scale subsidence and the tsunami that followed the Great East Japan earthquake, which occurred on March 11th, 2011. Electrical conductivity of underground water, bulk electrical conductivity of the soil, and various meteorological elements were observed at a fixed point for eight months. The electrical conductivity of underground water fluctuated irregularly at the beginning of the observation period, temporarily reaching up to 5 Sm-1 at sea level. After some time, an overall decreasing trend prevailed, and when the observations ended the conductivity of the water had dropped to 0.55 Sm-1. The bulk electrical conductivity of the soil also decreased gradually, from 0.4 to 0.3 Sm-1, over the eight months, which is likely linked to the interactions between rainfall and seawater intrusions. The decrease in soil conductivity has been more gradual here than in the regions affected by the tsunami following the earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra on December 26th, 2004, and in our study area it has not yet decreased to a level that would allow the resumption of rice farming. It is proposed that this difference is a result of the subsidence in Iwate Prefecture.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Yoshiko Muto

Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
Eiichi Kurashima

Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
Kiyohito Yamamoto

Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
Koji Harashina

Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan

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APA Style

Yoshiko Muto, Eiichi Kurashima, Kiyohito Yamamoto, Koji Harashina. (2016). Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 4(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16

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ACS Style

Yoshiko Muto; Eiichi Kurashima; Kiyohito Yamamoto; Koji Harashina. Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2016, 4(1), 31-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16

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AMA Style

Yoshiko Muto, Eiichi Kurashima, Kiyohito Yamamoto, Koji Harashina. Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2016;4(1):31-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16,
  author = {Yoshiko Muto and Eiichi Kurashima and Kiyohito Yamamoto and Koji Harashina},
  title = {Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20160401.16},
  abstract = {The Otomo rice field zone in Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture was catastrophically damaged by large-scale subsidence and the tsunami that followed the Great East Japan earthquake, which occurred on March 11th, 2011. Electrical conductivity of underground water, bulk electrical conductivity of the soil, and various meteorological elements were observed at a fixed point for eight months. The electrical conductivity of underground water fluctuated irregularly at the beginning of the observation period, temporarily reaching up to 5 Sm-1 at sea level. After some time, an overall decreasing trend prevailed, and when the observations ended the conductivity of the water had dropped to 0.55 Sm-1. The bulk electrical conductivity of the soil also decreased gradually, from 0.4 to 0.3 Sm-1, over the eight months, which is likely linked to the interactions between rainfall and seawater intrusions. The decrease in soil conductivity has been more gradual here than in the regions affected by the tsunami following the earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra on December 26th, 2004, and in our study area it has not yet decreased to a level that would allow the resumption of rice farming. It is proposed that this difference is a result of the subsidence in Iwate Prefecture.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Monitoring Soil and Underground Water EC in a Rice Field Affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake
AU  - Yoshiko Muto
AU  - Eiichi Kurashima
AU  - Kiyohito Yamamoto
AU  - Koji Harashina
Y1  - 2016/02/23
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160401.16
AB  - The Otomo rice field zone in Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture was catastrophically damaged by large-scale subsidence and the tsunami that followed the Great East Japan earthquake, which occurred on March 11th, 2011. Electrical conductivity of underground water, bulk electrical conductivity of the soil, and various meteorological elements were observed at a fixed point for eight months. The electrical conductivity of underground water fluctuated irregularly at the beginning of the observation period, temporarily reaching up to 5 Sm-1 at sea level. After some time, an overall decreasing trend prevailed, and when the observations ended the conductivity of the water had dropped to 0.55 Sm-1. The bulk electrical conductivity of the soil also decreased gradually, from 0.4 to 0.3 Sm-1, over the eight months, which is likely linked to the interactions between rainfall and seawater intrusions. The decrease in soil conductivity has been more gradual here than in the regions affected by the tsunami following the earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra on December 26th, 2004, and in our study area it has not yet decreased to a level that would allow the resumption of rice farming. It is proposed that this difference is a result of the subsidence in Iwate Prefecture.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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