Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study

Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh; Angaw Kelemework Abay; Anbisa Muleta Senbeta

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12

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Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study

Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Angaw Kelemework Abay, Anbisa Muleta Senbeta

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 27 December 2014 Accepted: 6 January 2015 Published: 14 January 2015

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Abstract

Alkaline modified sugarcane bagasse and coffee husk were used for the adsorption of water hardness causing constituents (Ca+2 and Mg+2). The water hardness sample was collected using polyethylene bottle from Jigjiga city drinking water supply, Ethiopia. The adsorbents were characterized using FTIR and BET surface area techniques. The concentration of the constituents were determined using AAS Spectroscopy. It was found that, using the ABC and ACHC as an adsorbent, the maximum sorption capacity obtained for Ca and Mg hardness adsorption are 46.8 and 37.35, and 52.9 and 41.23 mg g-1 for ACHC and ABC respectively. Activated carbon filtration also depends on various parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature and initial Ca and Mg ion concentrations. The maximum recovery of the adsorbed calcium and magnesium was achieved in less than 200 minutes leading to 78% and 73% respectively. After treating synthetic water solution simulating an actual water stream with the alkali-modified bagasse and coffee husk, total hardness of the treated sample meets the required standard for drinking water, below 60 mg/L of CaCO3. Therefore, ABC is more suitable for the removal of hardness ions than ACHC from drinking water; and are considered as effective low cost adsorbents.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12
Page(s)	7-16
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Hardness, Activated Carbon, Bagasse, Coffee Husk

References

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APA Style

Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Angaw Kelemework Abay, Anbisa Muleta Senbeta. (2015). Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12

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ACS Style

Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh; Angaw Kelemework Abay; Anbisa Muleta Senbeta. Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(1), 7-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12

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AMA Style

Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Angaw Kelemework Abay, Anbisa Muleta Senbeta. Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(1):7-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12,
  author = {Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh and Angaw Kelemework Abay and Anbisa Muleta Senbeta},
  title = {Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150301.12},
  abstract = {Alkaline modified sugarcane bagasse and coffee husk were used for the adsorption of water hardness causing constituents (Ca+2 and Mg+2). The water hardness sample was collected using polyethylene bottle from Jigjiga city drinking water supply, Ethiopia. The adsorbents were characterized using FTIR and BET surface area techniques. The concentration of the constituents were determined using AAS Spectroscopy. It was found that, using the ABC and ACHC as an adsorbent, the maximum sorption capacity obtained for Ca and Mg hardness adsorption are 46.8 and 37.35, and 52.9 and 41.23 mg g-1 for ACHC and ABC respectively. Activated carbon filtration also depends on various parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature and initial Ca and Mg ion concentrations. The maximum recovery of the adsorbed calcium and magnesium was achieved in less than 200 minutes leading to 78% and 73% respectively. After treating synthetic water solution simulating an actual water stream with the alkali-modified bagasse and coffee husk, total hardness of the treated sample meets the required standard for drinking water, below 60 mg/L of CaCO3. Therefore, ABC is more suitable for the removal of hardness ions than ACHC from drinking water; and are considered as effective low cost adsorbents.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study
AU  - Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh
AU  - Angaw Kelemework Abay
AU  - Anbisa Muleta Senbeta
Y1  - 2015/01/14
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 7
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12
AB  - Alkaline modified sugarcane bagasse and coffee husk were used for the adsorption of water hardness causing constituents (Ca+2 and Mg+2). The water hardness sample was collected using polyethylene bottle from Jigjiga city drinking water supply, Ethiopia. The adsorbents were characterized using FTIR and BET surface area techniques. The concentration of the constituents were determined using AAS Spectroscopy. It was found that, using the ABC and ACHC as an adsorbent, the maximum sorption capacity obtained for Ca and Mg hardness adsorption are 46.8 and 37.35, and 52.9 and 41.23 mg g-1 for ACHC and ABC respectively. Activated carbon filtration also depends on various parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature and initial Ca and Mg ion concentrations. The maximum recovery of the adsorbed calcium and magnesium was achieved in less than 200 minutes leading to 78% and 73% respectively. After treating synthetic water solution simulating an actual water stream with the alkali-modified bagasse and coffee husk, total hardness of the treated sample meets the required standard for drinking water, below 60 mg/L of CaCO3. Therefore, ABC is more suitable for the removal of hardness ions than ACHC from drinking water; and are considered as effective low cost adsorbents.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh

Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jigjiga University, PO. Box: 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
Angaw Kelemework Abay

Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jigjiga University, PO. Box: 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
Anbisa Muleta Senbeta

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Dryland Agriculture, Jigjiga University, PO. Box: 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Angaw Kelemework Abay, Anbisa Muleta Senbeta. (2015). Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12

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ACS Style

Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh; Angaw Kelemework Abay; Anbisa Muleta Senbeta. Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(1), 7-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12

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AMA Style

Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Angaw Kelemework Abay, Anbisa Muleta Senbeta. Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(1):7-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12,
  author = {Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh and Angaw Kelemework Abay and Anbisa Muleta Senbeta},
  title = {Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150301.12},
  abstract = {Alkaline modified sugarcane bagasse and coffee husk were used for the adsorption of water hardness causing constituents (Ca+2 and Mg+2). The water hardness sample was collected using polyethylene bottle from Jigjiga city drinking water supply, Ethiopia. The adsorbents were characterized using FTIR and BET surface area techniques. The concentration of the constituents were determined using AAS Spectroscopy. It was found that, using the ABC and ACHC as an adsorbent, the maximum sorption capacity obtained for Ca and Mg hardness adsorption are 46.8 and 37.35, and 52.9 and 41.23 mg g-1 for ACHC and ABC respectively. Activated carbon filtration also depends on various parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature and initial Ca and Mg ion concentrations. The maximum recovery of the adsorbed calcium and magnesium was achieved in less than 200 minutes leading to 78% and 73% respectively. After treating synthetic water solution simulating an actual water stream with the alkali-modified bagasse and coffee husk, total hardness of the treated sample meets the required standard for drinking water, below 60 mg/L of CaCO3. Therefore, ABC is more suitable for the removal of hardness ions than ACHC from drinking water; and are considered as effective low cost adsorbents.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Removal of Water Hardness Causing Constituents Using Alkali Modified Sugarcane Bagasse and Coffee Husk at Jigjiga City, Ethiopia: A Comparative Study
AU  - Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh
AU  - Angaw Kelemework Abay
AU  - Anbisa Muleta Senbeta
Y1  - 2015/01/14
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 7
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150301.12
AB  - Alkaline modified sugarcane bagasse and coffee husk were used for the adsorption of water hardness causing constituents (Ca+2 and Mg+2). The water hardness sample was collected using polyethylene bottle from Jigjiga city drinking water supply, Ethiopia. The adsorbents were characterized using FTIR and BET surface area techniques. The concentration of the constituents were determined using AAS Spectroscopy. It was found that, using the ABC and ACHC as an adsorbent, the maximum sorption capacity obtained for Ca and Mg hardness adsorption are 46.8 and 37.35, and 52.9 and 41.23 mg g-1 for ACHC and ABC respectively. Activated carbon filtration also depends on various parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature and initial Ca and Mg ion concentrations. The maximum recovery of the adsorbed calcium and magnesium was achieved in less than 200 minutes leading to 78% and 73% respectively. After treating synthetic water solution simulating an actual water stream with the alkali-modified bagasse and coffee husk, total hardness of the treated sample meets the required standard for drinking water, below 60 mg/L of CaCO3. Therefore, ABC is more suitable for the removal of hardness ions than ACHC from drinking water; and are considered as effective low cost adsorbents.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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