Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania

Hassan Rashid Ali; Khadija Mustafa Zuberi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania

Hassan Rashid Ali, Khadija Mustafa Zuberi

Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 25 April 2022 Accepted: 11 May 2022 Published: 24 May 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Shellfish play crucial roles in the ecosystem as well as for human. In recent decades, there is an increased concern to constant extraction of these shellfish and climatic events disrupt their production. Previous studies showed increasing of deterioration of shellfish in the coast. This study assessed the current stressors affecting shellfish availability from three study sites, which are Nyamanzi, Pongwe and Unguja Ukuu of Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was used to gather information from the gleaners. Data were collected from each study site through interview-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, in which bar-chart; pi-chart and percentage distribution were specifically employed for descriptive part, whereas Chi-squired test and Fisher exact test were used to test statistical significance of the relationship between dependent variables and each of independent variables. The results of this study show that, there is a relationship between climatic and non-climatic variables (p-value < 0.05) resulting to the decrease in the number of shellfish. The climatic factors considered in this study are increase in sea surface temperature (SST), strong winds, ocean acidification, sea level rise (SLR) and sand accumulation while the non-climatic human factors are tourism activities, husk burying, seaweed farming, boat anchorage and poor fishing methods; causing adverse affect in shellfish production. Therefore, in order to obtain shellfish sustainability; authority must emphasize on strong policies regulation, implementation and enforcement on shellfish conservation and management in the future.

Published in	International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12
Page(s)	24-31
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Shellfish, Gleaners, Climate Extremes, Coastal Resources, Human Activities

References

[1]	Andréfouët, S., Van Wynsberge, S., Gaertner-Mazouni, N., Menkes, C., Gilbert, A., & Remoissenet, G. (2013). Climate variability and massive mortalities challenge giant clam conservation and management efforts in French Polynesia atolls. Biological Conservation, 160, 190–199. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2013.01.017
[2]	Attenbrow, V. (2018). Food from the sea : shellfish and crustaceans. Food from the Sea: Shellfish and Crustaceans. https://australian.museum/get-involved/staff-profiles/val-attenbrow
[3]	Barange, M., Bahri, T., Beveridge, M. C., Funge-Smith, S., Cochrane, K. I., & Poulain, F. (Eds.). (2018). Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture: Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options. FAO fisheries and aquaculture technical paper. Food & Agriculture Organisation.
[4]	Breuil, C., & Grima, D. (2014). Baseline Report Madagascar. SmartFish Programme of the Indian Ocean Commission.
[5]	Brody, S. D., Zahran, S., Vedlitz, A., and Grover, H. (2008). Examining the relationship between physical vulnerability and public perceptions of global climate change in the United States. Environment and Behavior, 40 (1), 72–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916506298800
[6]	Choo, P. S., Hall, S. J., & Williams, M. J. (2006). Global symposium on gender and fisheries: Seventh Asian fisheries forum, 1-2 December, 2004. WorldFish.
[7]	da Silva Mourao, J., Baracho, L. R., Martel, G., Barboza, R. D., & de Faria Lopes, S. (2020). Local ecological knowledge of shellfish collectors in an extractivist reserve, Northeast Brazil : implications for co-management. Hydrobiologia, 0123456789, 1977–1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04226-w
[8]	FAO. (2014). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014. FAO.
[9]	FAO. (2016). Climate Change Implications for Fisheries And Aquaculture - Summary of the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (A. Seggel & C. De Young (Eds.); Vol. 1122). FAO.
[10]	Feidi, I. H. (2005). The Fisheries of Zanzibar : Potential for New Investments. NAGA, WorldFish Center Quarterly, 28 (3), 37–40.
[11]	Gillespie, C. (2018). How Are Seashells Formed? https://sciencing.com/how-seashells-formed-4923554.html
[12]	Gillies, C., Mcleod, I. M., & Creighton, C. (2015). Shellfish Reef Habitats. November 2016.
[13]	Graham, K. (2018). Researchers identify causes of decline in shellfish harvests. https://m.digitaljournal.com/tech-and-science/science/researchers-identify-causes-of-decline-in-shellfish-harvests/article/535955
[14]	Haji, A. (2013). Community based marine curio Trade in Unguja Island-Zanzibar. University of Dar es Salaam.
[15]	Karleskint, G., Turner, R., & Small, J. (2009). Introduction to marine biology (Third edit). Cengage Learning.
[16]	Kleiber, D. L. (2014). Gender and small-scale fisheries in the central Phillipines. British Columbia University, Vancouver.
[17]	Laban, M. (2015). Fishers’ Perception on Livelihood Strategies, Adaptation and Mitigation Measures to cope with changes in climate variables around lake Wamala, Uganda. Makerere University.
[18]	Mahongo, S., Francis, J., & Osima, S. (2012). Wind patterns of coastal Tanzania : Their variability and trends Wind Patterns of Coastal Tanzania : Their Variability and Trends. Western Indian Ocean J. Mar. Sci., 10 (2), 107–120.
[19]	Manríquez, P. H., Jara, M. E., Seguel, M. E., & Torres, R. (2016). Ocean Acidification and Increased Temperature Have Both Positive and Negative Effects on Early Ontogenetic Traits of a Rocky Shore Keystone Predator Species. PLOS ONE, 11 (3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151920
[20]	Micu, A. (2018). Decline in commercial shellfish due to environmental changes. https://www.zmescience.com/science/bivalve-fishing-decline-5234122/amp/
[21]	Miller, M. P., McKnight, D. M., Chapra, S. C., & Williams, M. W. (2009). A model of degradation and production of three pools of dissolved organic matter in an Alpine lake. Limnology and Oceanography, 54 (6), 2213–2227. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2213
[22]	Mpemba, A. (2016). Contributions of fishing to the household income in Mafia district, tanzania. Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
[23]	NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research. (2017). Ocean acidification can promote shell formation. https://phys.org/news/2017-01-ocean-acidification-shell-formation.html#jCp
[24]	Ohene-Asante, S. N. (2015). Climate change awareness and risk perception in ghana: a case study of communities around the muni- pomadze ramsar site (issue 10029857). University of Ghana.
[25]	Oliveira, L. F., Ferreira, M. A., Juen, L., Nunes, Z. M., Pantoja, J. C., Paixão, L. F., Lima, M., & Rocha, R. M. (2018). Influence of the proximity to the ocean and seasonality on the growth performance of farmed mangrove oysters (Crassostrea gasar) in tropical environments. Aquaculture, 495, 661–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.06.049
[26]	Pomeroy, R., Parks, J., & Reaugh-flower, K. (2015). Status and Priority Capacity Needs for Local Compliance and Community- Supported Enforcement of Marine Resource Rules and Regulations in the Coral Triangle Region. Coastal Management, 43 (3), 301–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2015.1030330
[27]	Puiu, T. (2015). Dangers of global warming to marine life and ecosystems reiterated in new report. Dangers of Global Warming to Marine Life and Ecosystems Reiterated in New Report. https://www.zmescience.com/ecology/climate/dangers-of-global-warming-ocean-042323/
[28]	Purcell, S. W., Tagliafico, A., Cullis, B. R., & Gogel, B. J. (2020). Understanding gender and factors affecting fishing in an artisanal shellfish fishery Understanding Gender and Factors Affecting Fishing in an Artisanal Shellfish Fishery. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7 (297), 0–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00297
[29]	Pwani Project and its partners. (2013). Management Plan for No-Take Zones (Unguja Ukuu and Kikungwi). https://www.crc.uri.edu/download/pwa10_notakemgtplan_508.pdf
[30]	Rosner, B. (2010). Fundamentals of Biostatistics [electronic version of the print textbook] (Eighth Edi). http://galaxy.ustc.edu.cn:30803/zhangwen/Biostatistics/Fundamentals
[31]	Sundblad, E. (2008). People ’ s knowledge about climate change : Uncertainty as a guide to future commitments.
[32]	Tairo, A. (2017). Alarm as Tanzania fish stocks drop. https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/alarm-as-tanzania-fish-stocks-drop--1380484?view=htmlamp
[33]	Thomas, F. R. (2019). The Behavioral Ecology of Shellfish Gathering in Western Kiribati, Micronesia. The Behavioral Ecology of Shellfish Gathering in Western Kiribati, Micronesia 1 : Prey Choice. Human Ecology, September 2007, 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-007-9119-4
[34]	Van der Linden, S. L., Leiserowitz, A. A., Feinberg, G. D., Maibach, E. W. (2015). The scientific consensus on climate change as a gateway belief: Experimental evidence. PLOS ONE, 10 (2), e0118489. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118489
[35]	Vandette, K. (2020). East Coast shellfish harvests are declining due to warming waters • Earth.com. https://www.earth.com/news/shellfish-harvests-declining-warming/
[36]	Venugopal, V., & Gopakumar, K. (2017). Shellfish : Nutritive Value, Health Benefits, and Consumer Safety. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 16, 1219–1242. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12312
[37]	Yahya, B. (2013). The status of intertidal molluscan resources collected by women of Fumba and Unguja Ukuu Zanzibar. University of Dar es Salaam.
[38]	Zhao, H. (2017). College Students’ Perceptions on Tourism Climate Change Impacts and Travel Destination Decision-Making. Indiana University.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Hassan Rashid Ali, Khadija Mustafa Zuberi. (2022). Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 7(2), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Hassan Rashid Ali; Khadija Mustafa Zuberi. Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2022, 7(2), 24-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Hassan Rashid Ali, Khadija Mustafa Zuberi. Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2022;7(2):24-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12,
  author = {Hassan Rashid Ali and Khadija Mustafa Zuberi},
  title = {Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {24-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20220702.12},
  abstract = {Shellfish play crucial roles in the ecosystem as well as for human. In recent decades, there is an increased concern to constant extraction of these shellfish and climatic events disrupt their production. Previous studies showed increasing of deterioration of shellfish in the coast. This study assessed the current stressors affecting shellfish availability from three study sites, which are Nyamanzi, Pongwe and Unguja Ukuu of Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was used to gather information from the gleaners. Data were collected from each study site through interview-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, in which bar-chart; pi-chart and percentage distribution were specifically employed for descriptive part, whereas Chi-squired test and Fisher exact test were used to test statistical significance of the relationship between dependent variables and each of independent variables. The results of this study show that, there is a relationship between climatic and non-climatic variables (p-value < 0.05) resulting to the decrease in the number of shellfish. The climatic factors considered in this study are increase in sea surface temperature (SST), strong winds, ocean acidification, sea level rise (SLR) and sand accumulation while the non-climatic human factors are tourism activities, husk burying, seaweed farming, boat anchorage and poor fishing methods; causing adverse affect in shellfish production. Therefore, in order to obtain shellfish sustainability; authority must emphasize on strong policies regulation, implementation and enforcement on shellfish conservation and management in the future.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania
AU  - Hassan Rashid Ali
AU  - Khadija Mustafa Zuberi
Y1  - 2022/05/24
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 24
EP  - 31
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12
AB  - Shellfish play crucial roles in the ecosystem as well as for human. In recent decades, there is an increased concern to constant extraction of these shellfish and climatic events disrupt their production. Previous studies showed increasing of deterioration of shellfish in the coast. This study assessed the current stressors affecting shellfish availability from three study sites, which are Nyamanzi, Pongwe and Unguja Ukuu of Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was used to gather information from the gleaners. Data were collected from each study site through interview-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, in which bar-chart; pi-chart and percentage distribution were specifically employed for descriptive part, whereas Chi-squired test and Fisher exact test were used to test statistical significance of the relationship between dependent variables and each of independent variables. The results of this study show that, there is a relationship between climatic and non-climatic variables (p-value < 0.05) resulting to the decrease in the number of shellfish. The climatic factors considered in this study are increase in sea surface temperature (SST), strong winds, ocean acidification, sea level rise (SLR) and sand accumulation while the non-climatic human factors are tourism activities, husk burying, seaweed farming, boat anchorage and poor fishing methods; causing adverse affect in shellfish production. Therefore, in order to obtain shellfish sustainability; authority must emphasize on strong policies regulation, implementation and enforcement on shellfish conservation and management in the future.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Hassan Rashid Ali

School of Natural and Social Sciences, The State University of Zanzibar (SUZA), Zanzibar, Tanzania
Khadija Mustafa Zuberi

School of Natural and Social Sciences, The State University of Zanzibar (SUZA), Zanzibar, Tanzania

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Hassan Rashid Ali, Khadija Mustafa Zuberi. (2022). Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 7(2), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Hassan Rashid Ali; Khadija Mustafa Zuberi. Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2022, 7(2), 24-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Hassan Rashid Ali, Khadija Mustafa Zuberi. Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2022;7(2):24-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12,
  author = {Hassan Rashid Ali and Khadija Mustafa Zuberi},
  title = {Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {24-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20220702.12},
  abstract = {Shellfish play crucial roles in the ecosystem as well as for human. In recent decades, there is an increased concern to constant extraction of these shellfish and climatic events disrupt their production. Previous studies showed increasing of deterioration of shellfish in the coast. This study assessed the current stressors affecting shellfish availability from three study sites, which are Nyamanzi, Pongwe and Unguja Ukuu of Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was used to gather information from the gleaners. Data were collected from each study site through interview-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, in which bar-chart; pi-chart and percentage distribution were specifically employed for descriptive part, whereas Chi-squired test and Fisher exact test were used to test statistical significance of the relationship between dependent variables and each of independent variables. The results of this study show that, there is a relationship between climatic and non-climatic variables (p-value < 0.05) resulting to the decrease in the number of shellfish. The climatic factors considered in this study are increase in sea surface temperature (SST), strong winds, ocean acidification, sea level rise (SLR) and sand accumulation while the non-climatic human factors are tourism activities, husk burying, seaweed farming, boat anchorage and poor fishing methods; causing adverse affect in shellfish production. Therefore, in order to obtain shellfish sustainability; authority must emphasize on strong policies regulation, implementation and enforcement on shellfish conservation and management in the future.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Stressors Influencing Availability of Shellfish in Zanzibar Island, Tanzania
AU  - Hassan Rashid Ali
AU  - Khadija Mustafa Zuberi
Y1  - 2022/05/24
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12
T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
SP  - 24
EP  - 31
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1735
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20220702.12
AB  - Shellfish play crucial roles in the ecosystem as well as for human. In recent decades, there is an increased concern to constant extraction of these shellfish and climatic events disrupt their production. Previous studies showed increasing of deterioration of shellfish in the coast. This study assessed the current stressors affecting shellfish availability from three study sites, which are Nyamanzi, Pongwe and Unguja Ukuu of Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. A cross-sectional design was used to gather information from the gleaners. Data were collected from each study site through interview-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, in which bar-chart; pi-chart and percentage distribution were specifically employed for descriptive part, whereas Chi-squired test and Fisher exact test were used to test statistical significance of the relationship between dependent variables and each of independent variables. The results of this study show that, there is a relationship between climatic and non-climatic variables (p-value < 0.05) resulting to the decrease in the number of shellfish. The climatic factors considered in this study are increase in sea surface temperature (SST), strong winds, ocean acidification, sea level rise (SLR) and sand accumulation while the non-climatic human factors are tourism activities, husk burying, seaweed farming, boat anchorage and poor fishing methods; causing adverse affect in shellfish production. Therefore, in order to obtain shellfish sustainability; authority must emphasize on strong policies regulation, implementation and enforcement on shellfish conservation and management in the future.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download