Many amphibians occupy appositional roles between different animal taxa; despite this, many species are threatened with decline and extinction. Several and different contributors and factors were previously reviewed to contribute amphibian disappearance. Between those factors are chemical pollution, heavy metals, climate change, disease, etc. The most commonly used index of developmental instability is fluctuating asymmetry (FA), as a feature of environmental impact was also reviewed. F.A is the variance in right minus left values of bilaterally symmetrical structures. The results indicate that individuals exposed to atrazine or that exposed to both atrazine and nitrate exhibit a significantly higher degree of FA (p<0.01) while FA measured in individuals treated only with nitrate was not significant (p<0.05) These results constitute the first assessment of FA in this species in Egypt and suggest that the degree of FA in skeletal traits cane be a useful indicator of the degree of environmental stress experienced by amphibian populations.
| Published in | International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 1, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.17 |
| Page(s) | 103-110 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Amietophrynus regularis, Atrazine, Nitrates, Fluctuating Asymmetry
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APA Style
Samy A. Saber, Boshra A. ElSalkh, Aml S. Said, Rashad E. M. Said, Ali G. Gadel-Rab. (2016). Limbs Asymmetry as Biomarker in the Egyptian Toad Amietophrynus regularis Exposed to Atrazine and Nitrates. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 1(3), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.17
ACS Style
Samy A. Saber; Boshra A. ElSalkh; Aml S. Said; Rashad E. M. Said; Ali G. Gadel-Rab. Limbs Asymmetry as Biomarker in the Egyptian Toad Amietophrynus regularis Exposed to Atrazine and Nitrates. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2016, 1(3), 103-110. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.17
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.17,
author = {Samy A. Saber and Boshra A. ElSalkh and Aml S. Said and Rashad E. M. Said and Ali G. Gadel-Rab},
title = {Limbs Asymmetry as Biomarker in the Egyptian Toad Amietophrynus regularis Exposed to Atrazine and Nitrates},
journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
volume = {1},
number = {3},
pages = {103-110},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.17},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.17},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20160103.17},
abstract = {Many amphibians occupy appositional roles between different animal taxa; despite this, many species are threatened with decline and extinction. Several and different contributors and factors were previously reviewed to contribute amphibian disappearance. Between those factors are chemical pollution, heavy metals, climate change, disease, etc. The most commonly used index of developmental instability is fluctuating asymmetry (FA), as a feature of environmental impact was also reviewed. F.A is the variance in right minus left values of bilaterally symmetrical structures. The results indicate that individuals exposed to atrazine or that exposed to both atrazine and nitrate exhibit a significantly higher degree of FA (p<0.01) while FA measured in individuals treated only with nitrate was not significant (p<0.05) These results constitute the first assessment of FA in this species in Egypt and suggest that the degree of FA in skeletal traits cane be a useful indicator of the degree of environmental stress experienced by amphibian populations.},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Limbs Asymmetry as Biomarker in the Egyptian Toad Amietophrynus regularis Exposed to Atrazine and Nitrates AU - Samy A. Saber AU - Boshra A. ElSalkh AU - Aml S. Said AU - Rashad E. M. Said AU - Ali G. Gadel-Rab Y1 - 2016/12/17 PY - 2016 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.17 DO - 10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.17 T2 - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology JF - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology JO - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology SP - 103 EP - 110 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-1735 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20160103.17 AB - Many amphibians occupy appositional roles between different animal taxa; despite this, many species are threatened with decline and extinction. Several and different contributors and factors were previously reviewed to contribute amphibian disappearance. Between those factors are chemical pollution, heavy metals, climate change, disease, etc. The most commonly used index of developmental instability is fluctuating asymmetry (FA), as a feature of environmental impact was also reviewed. F.A is the variance in right minus left values of bilaterally symmetrical structures. The results indicate that individuals exposed to atrazine or that exposed to both atrazine and nitrate exhibit a significantly higher degree of FA (p<0.01) while FA measured in individuals treated only with nitrate was not significant (p<0.05) These results constitute the first assessment of FA in this species in Egypt and suggest that the degree of FA in skeletal traits cane be a useful indicator of the degree of environmental stress experienced by amphibian populations. VL - 1 IS - 3 ER -
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