Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development

Takahide Niimura; Noriaki Sakamoto; Kazuhiro Ozawa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13

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Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development

Takahide Niimura, Noriaki Sakamoto, Kazuhiro Ozawa

Published in International Journal of Business and Economics Research (Volume 4, Issue 5)

Received: 7 September 2015 Accepted: 23 September 2015 Published: 13 October 2015

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Abstract

In this paper the authors propose to determine the amount of public subsidies for the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) by applying a feedback control model. The following three features are assumed on the growth model for the electric vehicle market for a controlled target: (1) The charging station is assumed to be public installation and private management; (2) The break-even point is calculated from the maintenance cost of the charging station; (3) The target numbers of electric vehicle sales are set as growth patterns. To achieve such target numbers and to follow the changes, we propose the application of robust control. In this research, an uncertainty is supposed in the model when the EV market growth is simulated, and fuzzy logic control is applied for better understanding by the decision-makers who exercise the policy measures and for the improvement of the target following capability. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the control based on the fuzzy logic even if some uncertainties are assumed in the growth model.

Published in	International Journal of Business and Economics Research (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13
Page(s)	244-249
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Electric Vehicles, Battery Charging Infrastructure, Subsidies, Fuzzy Logic Control, Uncertainty

References

[1]	A. G., Boulanger, A. C. Chu, S. Maxx, D. L. Waltz, "Vehicle Electrification: Status and Issues," Proceedings of the IEEE," Vol.99, No.6, June 2011, pp.1116-1138.
[2]	A. Wiederer and R. Philip, Policy Options for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in C40 Cities. Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA, 2010. [Available online: http://www.innovations.harvard.edu/policy-options-electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure-c40-cities].
[3]	EV and PHV Charging Infrastructure, EV and PHV Town Report in Japan 2013, Next Generation Vehicle Promotion Center, 2013 [Available online: http: //cev-pc.or.jp/event/pdf/evphvtown_report2013_en.pdf.].
[4]	Updated Nissan LEAF Available in Japan, November 20, 2012. [Available Online: www.nissan-global.com/ EN/NEWS/2012/_STORY/121120-01-e.html].
[5]	Electric Drive Sales Dashboard, Electric Drive Transportation Association, Aug. 2014. [Available online: http://www.electricdrive.org/index.php?ht=d/sp/i/20952/pid/20952].
[6]	D. Yamashita, T. Niimura, H. Takamori, R. Yokoyama, "A Dynamic Model of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Markets and Charging Infrastructure for The Evaluation of Effects of Policy Initiatives", presented at IEEE Power Systems Conference and Exposition, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, March 2011.
[7]	D. Yamashita, R. Yokoyama, T. Niimura, H. Takamori, "A Model for Policy Assessment to Facilitate the Proliferation of Electric Vehicles ; For Strategic Evaluations of Infrastructure Investment", Journal of Real Options and Strategy, Vol.4, No.2, pp.143-157, 2011.
[8]	D. Yamashita, T. Niimura, H. Takamori, T. Wang. "Plug-in Electric Vehicle Markets and Their Infrastructure Investment Policies under Fuel Economy Uncertainty", International Journal of Real Options and Strategy, 1, pp.39-60, 2013.
[9]	J. Snyder, Financial Viability Of Non-Residential Electric Vehicle Charging Stations, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Luskin Center for Innovation, August 2012. [Available Online: http://luskin.ucla.edu/news/ school- public-affairs/winter-2013-luskin-forum-features-electric-vehicle-charging-stations-la].
[10]	GSGF Report on Large-scale Rollout of Electric Vehicles, Global Smart Grid Federation, June 2014. [Available online: http://www.globalsmartgridfederation.org/2014/07/23/the-first-global-view-on-the-progress-of-clean-vehicle-technology/].
[11]	H. T. Nguyen, N. R. Prasad, C. L. Walker, E. A. Walker, A First Course in Fuzzy and Neural Control, Chapter 3, Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2002.
[12]	J. Barras, "Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn Promises 1.5 Million EVs by 2020", 2013 September, 2013. [Available online: http://gas2.org/2013/09/13/nissan-ceo-carlos-ghosn-promises-1-5-million-evs-by-2020/].
[13]	I. S. Nam, "Nissan May Hit Electric-Car Sales Target Before 2020 Japanese Car Maker Is Looking to Emerging Markets for Growth", The Wall Street Journal, March 15, 2014.
[14]	Jeff Cobb, "How Nissan and Renault are Dominating the Electric Car Game", June 11, 2015. [Available online: http://www.hybridcars.com/how-nissan-and-renault-are-dominating-the-electric-car-game/].
[15]	N. Sakamoto, et al., Robust Feedback Control for the Subsidy Policy about Plug-in Electric Vehicle using Sliding Mode Control, IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems (in Japanese), Vol.134, No.12, pp.1855-1861.

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APA Style

Takahide Niimura, Noriaki Sakamoto, Kazuhiro Ozawa. (2015). Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 4(5), 244-249. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13

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ACS Style

Takahide Niimura; Noriaki Sakamoto; Kazuhiro Ozawa. Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development. Int. J. Bus. Econ. Res. 2015, 4(5), 244-249. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13

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AMA Style

Takahide Niimura, Noriaki Sakamoto, Kazuhiro Ozawa. Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development. Int J Bus Econ Res. 2015;4(5):244-249. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13,
  author = {Takahide Niimura and Noriaki Sakamoto and Kazuhiro Ozawa},
  title = {Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development},
  journal = {International Journal of Business and Economics Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {244-249},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijber.20150405.13},
  abstract = {In this paper the authors propose to determine the amount of public subsidies for the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) by applying a feedback control model. The following three features are assumed on the growth model for the electric vehicle market for a controlled target: (1) The charging station is assumed to be public installation and private management; (2) The break-even point is calculated from the maintenance cost of the charging station; (3) The target numbers of electric vehicle sales are set as growth patterns. To achieve such target numbers and to follow the changes, we propose the application of robust control. In this research, an uncertainty is supposed in the model when the EV market growth is simulated, and fuzzy logic control is applied for better understanding by the decision-makers who exercise the policy measures and for the improvement of the target following capability. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the control based on the fuzzy logic even if some uncertainties are assumed in the growth model.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development
AU  - Takahide Niimura
AU  - Noriaki Sakamoto
AU  - Kazuhiro Ozawa
Y1  - 2015/10/13
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13
T2  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JF  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JO  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
SP  - 244
EP  - 249
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-756X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13
AB  - In this paper the authors propose to determine the amount of public subsidies for the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) by applying a feedback control model. The following three features are assumed on the growth model for the electric vehicle market for a controlled target: (1) The charging station is assumed to be public installation and private management; (2) The break-even point is calculated from the maintenance cost of the charging station; (3) The target numbers of electric vehicle sales are set as growth patterns. To achieve such target numbers and to follow the changes, we propose the application of robust control. In this research, an uncertainty is supposed in the model when the EV market growth is simulated, and fuzzy logic control is applied for better understanding by the decision-makers who exercise the policy measures and for the improvement of the target following capability. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the control based on the fuzzy logic even if some uncertainties are assumed in the growth model.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Takahide Niimura

Faculty of Economics, Hosei University, Machida, Japan
Noriaki Sakamoto

Faculty of Economics, Hosei University, Machida, Japan
Kazuhiro Ozawa

Faculty of Economics, Hosei University, Machida, Japan

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Takahide Niimura, Noriaki Sakamoto, Kazuhiro Ozawa. (2015). Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 4(5), 244-249. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13

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ACS Style

Takahide Niimura; Noriaki Sakamoto; Kazuhiro Ozawa. Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development. Int. J. Bus. Econ. Res. 2015, 4(5), 244-249. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13

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AMA Style

Takahide Niimura, Noriaki Sakamoto, Kazuhiro Ozawa. Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development. Int J Bus Econ Res. 2015;4(5):244-249. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13,
  author = {Takahide Niimura and Noriaki Sakamoto and Kazuhiro Ozawa},
  title = {Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development},
  journal = {International Journal of Business and Economics Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {244-249},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijber.20150405.13},
  abstract = {In this paper the authors propose to determine the amount of public subsidies for the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) by applying a feedback control model. The following three features are assumed on the growth model for the electric vehicle market for a controlled target: (1) The charging station is assumed to be public installation and private management; (2) The break-even point is calculated from the maintenance cost of the charging station; (3) The target numbers of electric vehicle sales are set as growth patterns. To achieve such target numbers and to follow the changes, we propose the application of robust control. In this research, an uncertainty is supposed in the model when the EV market growth is simulated, and fuzzy logic control is applied for better understanding by the decision-makers who exercise the policy measures and for the improvement of the target following capability. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the control based on the fuzzy logic even if some uncertainties are assumed in the growth model.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development
AU  - Takahide Niimura
AU  - Noriaki Sakamoto
AU  - Kazuhiro Ozawa
Y1  - 2015/10/13
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13
T2  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JF  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JO  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
SP  - 244
EP  - 249
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-756X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150405.13
AB  - In this paper the authors propose to determine the amount of public subsidies for the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) by applying a feedback control model. The following three features are assumed on the growth model for the electric vehicle market for a controlled target: (1) The charging station is assumed to be public installation and private management; (2) The break-even point is calculated from the maintenance cost of the charging station; (3) The target numbers of electric vehicle sales are set as growth patterns. To achieve such target numbers and to follow the changes, we propose the application of robust control. In this research, an uncertainty is supposed in the model when the EV market growth is simulated, and fuzzy logic control is applied for better understanding by the decision-makers who exercise the policy measures and for the improvement of the target following capability. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the control based on the fuzzy logic even if some uncertainties are assumed in the growth model.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download