Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon

Ningaye Paul; Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16

| Peer-Reviewed

Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon

Ningaye Paul, Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort

Published in International Journal of Business and Economics Research (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 3 April 2014 Accepted: 16 April 2014 Published: 30 April 2014

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This research seeks to propose ways to reduce gender inequality in the labor market in Cameroon. It uses the dynamic cloud classification to identify different segments of the labor market, the decomposition method of Oaxaca and Blinder to quantify the gender discrimination and to highlight the factors which provoke such discrimination. The results show that the Cameroonian labor market has three segments. The segment with the highest gender inequality is the informal agricultural sector, followed by the non-agricultural informal sector, and finally the formal sector. Our results also show that if we want a greater reduction of gender inequality, we must encourage women's access to secondary and higher education, encourage women's access to vocational training, and increase their number of years of professional experience.

Published in	International Journal of Business and Economics Research (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16
Page(s)	89-98
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Segmentation, Labor Market, Gender Inequality

References

[1]	Institut National de la Statistique (2001), Pauvreté et Education au Cameroun en 2001, INS, Yaoundé.
[2]	Institut National de la Statistique (2007), Enquête Camerounaise Auprès des Ménages (ECAM).
[3]	Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (2009), Indice Sexospécifique de Développement Humain, Rapport sur le développement humain.
[4]	Knowles, S., Lorgelly, P. and Owen, D., (2002), Are Educational Gender Gaps a Break on Economic Development?, Oxford Economic Papers vol. 54, PP. 118-149
[5]	Ellis, A., Manuel, C. and Blackden, M. (2006), Gender and Economic Growth in Uganda: Unleashing the power of women, IBRD-World Bank.
[6]	Klasen, S. (2008), Gender Inequality, Growth and Poverty Reduction in Cameroon: Evidence and policy issus, University of Göttingen, Germany.
[7]	Costa J. and Silva E., (2008), The Burden of Inequality for Society. Dans: Poverty in Focus, Gender Equality. N° 13.
[8]	Klasen, S. (1999), Does Gender Inequality Reduce Growth and Development? Evidence from Cross-Country Regressions, Policy Research Report, Engendering Development, Working Paper No. 7. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
[9]	Golla, A, Malhotra A., Nanda P. and Mehra R. (2011), Understanding and Measuring Women’s economic empowerment. Definition, framework, indicators, Washington DC: International Centre for Research on Women.
[10]	Oaxaca R. L. (1973), Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets, International Economic Review, vol. 14, PP. 693-709.
[11]	Blinder A.S. (1973), Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates, The Journal of Human Resources, vol. 8, PP. 436-455.
[12]	Njikam G. B., Tchoffo, R. M. and Mwaffo, V. F., (2005), Caractéristiques et Déterminants de l’Emploi Jeune au Cameroun, Cahiers de la Stratégie de l’Emploi, ILO 2005/05
[13]	Pignatti, N. (2010), Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Wage Gap in Ukraine, ESCIRRU Working Paper N 17.
[14]	Leduc, K. and Genevois A-S. (2012), Segmentation du Marché du Travail - Le cas Luxembourgois, CEPS, Working paper.
[15]	Mincer, J., and Polachek, S., (1974), Family Investments in Human Capital: Earning of Women, dans Economics of the Family sous la direction de Théodore W. Schultz Chicago, the University of Chicago Press.
[16]	Polacheck S. W. (1981), Occupational Self Selection: A Human Capital Approach to Sex Differences in Occupational Structure, Review of Economics and Statistics Vol. 63, N°. 1, PP. 60-69.
[17]	Organisation Internationale du Travail (2009), Tendances Mondiales de lEmploi des Femmes.
[18]	Hicks, H., R. (1936), The Theory of Wages, Macmillian, New York.
[19]	Becker, G. (1971), The Economics of Discrimination, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[20]	Arrow, K. (1973), The Theory of Discrimination, in O. Ashenfelter and A. Rees (eds) Discrimination in Labor Markets Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.
[21]	Edgeworth, F., Y. (1922), Equal Pay to Men and Women for Equal Work, Economic Journal, Vol. 22.
[22]	Folbre, N. (1994), Who Takes Care of the Kids? Gender and the structures of constraint, Routledge: London and New York.
[23]	Figart, D. (2005), Gender as more than a Dummy Variable: Feminist Approaches to Discrimination, Review of Social Economy Vol. 63, N° 3, PP. 509-536
[24]	Bergmann, B. (1974), Occupational Segregation. Wages and Profits when Employers Discriminate by Race or Sex, Eastern Economic Journal Vol. 1, N°2, PP. 103-110.
[25]	Phillips, A. and B. Taylor (1980), Sex and Skills: Notes Towards a Feminist Economics, Feminist Review Vol. 6, PP. 79-88.
[26]	Arneson R. (1989), Equality of Welfare, Philos stud, N° 56, PP. 77-93.
[27]	Roemer, J. E. (1998), Equality of Opportunity, Cambridge, MA: Havard University Press.
[28]	Institut National de la Statistique (2011), Deuxième Enquête sur L’emploi et le Secteur Informel au Cameroun, Rapport principal, phase1.
[29]	Organisation Internationale du Travail (2013), « Rapport mondial sur les salaires 2012/2013: salaires et croissance équitable », Genève.
[30]	Brilleau A., Coulibaly S., Gubert F., Koriko O., Kuepie M. and Ouedraogo E. (2005), Le secteur informel: Performances, Insertion, Perspectives, Enquête 1-2-3, phase 2, Statéco n 99.
[31]	Mincer J. (1974), Schooling, Experience and Earnings, NBER, Columbia University Press, New York.
[32]	Oaxaca, R. L. and Ransom M. R. (1994), On Discrimination and the Decomposition of Wage Differentials, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 61, N 1, PP. 5-21.
[33]	Heckman J. J. (1979), Sample Selection Bias as Specification Error, Econometrica, Vol.47, N1, PP.153-161.
[34]	Winship, C. (1992), Models for Sample Selection Bias’, Annual Reviews, vol. 18, PP. 325-350.
[35]	Thomas M. and Vallée (1996), Labor Market Segmentation in Cameroonian Manufacturing, the Journal of Development Studies, Vol.32, N6, PP. 876-898.
[36]	Gneezy, U., List, J., and Price, M. K. (2012), Toward an Understanding of Why People Discriminate: Evidence from a Series of Natural Field Experiments, NBER Working Paper 17855.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ningaye Paul, Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort. (2014). Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 3(2), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ningaye Paul; Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort. Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon. Int. J. Bus. Econ. Res. 2014, 3(2), 89-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ningaye Paul, Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort. Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon. Int J Bus Econ Res. 2014;3(2):89-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16,
  author = {Ningaye Paul and Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort},
  title = {Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon},
  journal = {International Journal of Business and Economics Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {89-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijber.20140302.16},
  abstract = {This research seeks to propose ways to reduce gender inequality in the labor market in Cameroon. It uses the dynamic cloud classification to identify different segments of the labor market, the decomposition method of Oaxaca and Blinder to quantify the gender discrimination and to highlight the factors which provoke such discrimination. The results show that the Cameroonian labor market has three segments. The segment with the highest gender inequality is the informal agricultural sector, followed by the non-agricultural informal sector, and finally the formal sector. Our results also show that if we want a greater reduction of gender inequality, we must encourage women's access to secondary and higher education, encourage women's access to vocational training, and increase their number of years of professional experience.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon
AU  - Ningaye Paul
AU  - Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort
Y1  - 2014/04/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16
T2  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JF  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JO  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
SP  - 89
EP  - 98
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-756X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16
AB  - This research seeks to propose ways to reduce gender inequality in the labor market in Cameroon. It uses the dynamic cloud classification to identify different segments of the labor market, the decomposition method of Oaxaca and Blinder to quantify the gender discrimination and to highlight the factors which provoke such discrimination. The results show that the Cameroonian labor market has three segments. The segment with the highest gender inequality is the informal agricultural sector, followed by the non-agricultural informal sector, and finally the formal sector. Our results also show that if we want a greater reduction of gender inequality, we must encourage women's access to secondary and higher education, encourage women's access to vocational training, and increase their number of years of professional experience.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Ningaye Paul

Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Dschang, Cameroon
Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort

Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Dschang, Cameroon

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ningaye Paul, Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort. (2014). Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 3(2), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ningaye Paul; Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort. Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon. Int. J. Bus. Econ. Res. 2014, 3(2), 89-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ningaye Paul, Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort. Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon. Int J Bus Econ Res. 2014;3(2):89-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16,
  author = {Ningaye Paul and Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort},
  title = {Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon},
  journal = {International Journal of Business and Economics Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {89-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijber.20140302.16},
  abstract = {This research seeks to propose ways to reduce gender inequality in the labor market in Cameroon. It uses the dynamic cloud classification to identify different segments of the labor market, the decomposition method of Oaxaca and Blinder to quantify the gender discrimination and to highlight the factors which provoke such discrimination. The results show that the Cameroonian labor market has three segments. The segment with the highest gender inequality is the informal agricultural sector, followed by the non-agricultural informal sector, and finally the formal sector. Our results also show that if we want a greater reduction of gender inequality, we must encourage women's access to secondary and higher education, encourage women's access to vocational training, and increase their number of years of professional experience.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Labor Market Segmentation and Gender Inequality in Cameroon
AU  - Ningaye Paul
AU  - Talla Fokam Dieu Ne Dort
Y1  - 2014/04/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16
T2  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JF  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JO  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
SP  - 89
EP  - 98
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-756X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20140302.16
AB  - This research seeks to propose ways to reduce gender inequality in the labor market in Cameroon. It uses the dynamic cloud classification to identify different segments of the labor market, the decomposition method of Oaxaca and Blinder to quantify the gender discrimination and to highlight the factors which provoke such discrimination. The results show that the Cameroonian labor market has three segments. The segment with the highest gender inequality is the informal agricultural sector, followed by the non-agricultural informal sector, and finally the formal sector. Our results also show that if we want a greater reduction of gender inequality, we must encourage women's access to secondary and higher education, encourage women's access to vocational training, and increase their number of years of professional experience.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download