Abstract Clinical strain of Aspergillus niger was cultivated using un-supplemented cassava peels to produce fungal biomass in this work. The proximate contents and organoleptic properties (smell, taste, viscosity, colour) of both the fermented and unfermented cassava peels broths were investigated adopting known methods. The total biomass produced was also established through a period of nine days. The result obtained showed the moisture content of the broth reduced from 86.29% to 31.60% at the end of the experiment. Similarly, crude fibre reduced from 10.88% to 8.87%. Also, the starch content reduced from 56.72% to 20.09% and cyanide reduced from 118.86ppm to 20.46ppm. On the other hand, Protein content increased from 6.24% to 11.22% and Ash content also increased from 4.88% to 10.23%. Biomass production increased daily from day one with initial weight of 1.253gm to 6.043gm on the 4th day. The biomass production peaked at day 5 with a weight of 8.266 gm and gradually reduced until a constant weight of 1.890gm was obtained on days 8 and 9. The quantity of biomass produced within the period of study makes the medium; cassava peels a good materials for biomass production which can be used in some industries as raw materials.
| Published in | International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology (Volume 6, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20210601.14 |
| Page(s) | 11-17 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Agrowaste, Aspergillus niger, Biomass, Cassava Peels, Cyanide, Single Cell Protein
| [1] | Bos A, and Hamelinck C (2014) Greenhouse gas impact of marginal fossil fuel use. ProjecT number: BIENL14773 2014. |
| [2] | Sadh, P. K., Duhan, S. and Duhan, J. S. (2018). Agro-industrial wastes and their utilization using solid state fermentation: a review. Bioresources and Bioprocess. (2018) 5: 1. |
| [3] | Olu. Malomo, Daniels A. O., O. Olajiga, Femi- Ola T. O. Alamu A. E. (2013). The Use of Brewer’S Spent Grains in the Cultivation of Some Fungal Isolates, International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences. Vol. 2, No. 1, 2013, pp. 5-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130201.12. |
| [4] | Singh P. D., Prabha, R Shukla Renu • Pramod Kumar Sahu • Vivek Singh. (2018). Agrowaste bioconversion and microbial fortification have prospects for soil health, crop productivity, and eco enterprising. Vol.:(0123456789) 1-3 International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture (2019) 8 (Suppl 1): S457–S472. |
| [5] | Okudoh, V. I., Trios, T. S. Workneh, S. Schmidt and A. Cibati (2014). Venice 2014, Fifth International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste. |
| [6] | Zvidzai, C., Muzhinji, N., Chidzvondo, F., Mundembe, R. and Sithole-Niang, I. (2007). Potential commercialization of a microbial medium formulated from industrial food waste. African. Journal of Microbiology. 1 (6): 79-87. |
| [7] | Torres JL, Selga A, Cascane M (2004). Bioactive products from by-product and wastes. Agric. Food Chemistry. 6: 128-129. |
| [8] | Aikat K, and Bhattacharyya BC (2000). Optimization of some parameters of solid fermentation of wheat bran for protease production by a local strain of Rhizopus oryzae. Acta Biotechnology. 20: 149-159. |
| [9] | Bhumibhamon O (1978). Production of acid protease and carbohydrate degrading enzyme by Aspergillus awamori. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 11: 209-222. |
| [10] | Wang, B., Sakoda, A. and Suzuki, M. (2001). Biological efficiency and nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on spent beer grain. Bioresource Technology. 78: 293-300. |
| [11] | Bartolome B, Santos M, Jimenze JJ, del Nozal MJ, Gomez cordoves C (2002). Pentoses and hydroxycinnamic acids in brewers spent grain. Journal of Cereal Sciences. 36: 51-58. |
| [12] | Nnolim, N. E. Okoh., A. I. and Uchechukwu U. Nwodo, U. U Biotechnology Rep (Amst). 2020 Sep; 27: e00483. Published online 2020 May 29. Proteolytic bacteria isolated from agro-waste dumpsites produced keratinolytic enzyme. |
| [13] | Carneiro, P. and Ferreira, P. (2011). The economic, environmental and strategic value of biomass. On line publication, Accessed 3rd Dec, 2020. |
| [14] | REN. Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century. Renewables 2014 Global Status Report. 2014. http://www.ren21.net/Portals/0/documents/Resources/GSR/2014/GSR2014_full%20 report_low%20res.pdf |
| [15] | Iyayi, E. A and Losel, D. M. Protein enrichment of cassava by-products through solid state fermentation by fungi. Journal of Food Technology in Africa. 2001; 6 (4): 116-118. |
| [16] | Iyayi, E. A, and Tewe, O. O. (1988). Effect of protein deficiency on utilization of cassava peel by growing pigs. In: Proceedings of the IITA/ILCA/University of Ibadan Workshop on the Potential Utilisation of Cassava as Livestock Feed in Africa; 14-18 November 1988. Ibadan: IITA. pp. 54-57. |
| [17] | Ruqayyah, T. I, Jamal, P, Alam, M. Z, Mirghani, M. E, Jaswir, I, Ramli, N. (2014). Application of response surface methodology for protein enrichment of cassava peel as animal feed by the white-rot fungus Panus tigrinus M609RQY. Food Hydrocolloids.; 42 (15): 298-303. |
| [18] | Max, B., Salgado, J. M.; Rodríguez, N; Cortés, S; Converti, A; Domínguez, J. M. (October 2010). "Biotechnological production of citric acid". Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 41 (4): 862–875. |
| [19] | "Inventory of GRAS Notices: Summary of all GRAS Notices". US FDA/CFSAN. 2008-10-22. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-31. |
| [20] | Ozdal, M and E. B. Kurbanoglu (2019). Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger from Agro-Industrial By Product; Molasses and Chicken Feather Peptone. Waste and Biomass Valorization 10 (2): 1-10. |
| [21] | Cordenunsi, B. R., De Menezes, W. E., Genovese, M. I. Colli, C., De Souza, G. A. and Lajolo, F. M. (2004). Chemical composition and glycemic index of Brazilian pine (Araucaria angustifolia) seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 52, no. 11, p. 3412-3416. |
| [22] | Howard. J. B., and Denton I. C. (2010). Simple method to reduce the cyanogen content of gari made from cassava. Food Chemistry. Elsevier. 123: 840–845. |
| [23] | Adepoju O. T., Adekola Y. G., Mustapha S. O., and Ogunola S. I. (2010). Effect of processing methods on nutrient retention and contribution of cassava (Manihot spp.) to nutrient intake of Nigerian consumers. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development. Elsevier 10: 2099–2111. |
| [24] | Buckle K. A., Edwars R. A., Fleet G. H., and Wooton M. (1987). Ilmu Pangan. Translated by H. Purnomo and Adiono. Universitas Indonesia: Jakarta. |
| [25] | Okpako, C. E. Ntui, V. O., Osuagwu. A. N. and. Obasi. F. I (2008). Proximate composition and cyanide content of cassava peels fermented with Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment Vol. 6 (2): 251 - 255. |
| [26] | AOAC, (2015). Official method or analysis. 14th edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemical Washington. |
| [27] | Oboh, G. and Akindahunsi, A. A. (2003). Biochemical changes in cassava products (flour and garri) subjected to Saccharomyces cerevisae solid media fermentation. Food Chemistry 82 (4): 559-662. |
| [28] | Day, C. N., and Morawicki, R. O. (2018). Effects of fermentation by yeast and amylolytic lactic acid bacteria on grain sorghum protein content and digestibility. Hindawi Journal of Food Quality, 2018, 1–8. |
| [29] | Oboh, G. (2006). Nutrient enrichment of cassava peels using a mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisae and Lactobacillus spp. solid media fermentation technique. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 9 (1): 46-49. |
| [30] | Rainbult, M. (1998). General and microbiological aspects of solid substrate fermentation, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology [online], 15 December 1998, vol. 1, no. |
| [31] | Antai, S. P. and Mbongo P. M. (1994). Utilization of cassava peels as substrate for crude protein formation. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, December vol. 46, no. 4, p. 345-351. |
| [32] | Oboh, G.; Akindahunsi, A. A. and Oshoodi, A. A (2002). Nutrient and anti-nutrient content of Aspergillus niger fermented cassava products (flour and gari). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 15 (5), 617-622. |
| [33] | Obueh HO, Ikenebomeh MJ. (2014). Bioethanol production and compositional changes during fermentation of cassava processing wastes from a local cassava mill. International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences. Plant Biology, 2014, 1: 43-51. |
| [34] | Akinfala E. O, Tewe O. O. (2004). Supplemental effects of feed additives on the utilization of whole cassava plant by growing pigs in the tropics. Livestock Research in Rural Development, 16: 86-103. |
| [35] | Tweyongyere, R. and Katongle, I. (2002). Cyanogenic potential of cassava peels and their detoxification for utilization as livestock feed. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 44 (6): 366-389. |
| [36] | Padjama, G, and Steinkraus, K. H. (1995). Cyanide detoxification in cassava for food and feed uses. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 35, (4) 299-339. |
| [37] | Aro, S. O. (2008). Improvement in the nutritive quality of cassava and its by-products through microbial fermentation. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (25), pp. 4789-4797, 29 |
| [38] | Yabaya, A. and Ado, S (2008). Mycelial protein production by Aspergillus niger using banana peels. A Science world Journal. 3 (4) 2008 9-12. |
| [39] | Muhammad I. R, Muhammad S. A, Sohail H. K and Abu saeed H. (2004). Production of single cell protein from rice polishings using Candida utilis. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology • DOI: 10.1023/B:WIBI.0000023845.96123.dd |
| [40] | Lubna I, Nadeem M, Baig SJ, Syed QA and. Rana F. R. (2004). Bioconversion of citrus waste into protein richbiomass by Aspergillus niger. Pakinstan Journal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 37: 172-176. |
| [41] | Khan, M. Y., Dahot, M. U. and Khan, M. Y. (1992). Single cell protein production by Penicillum javanicum from pretreated rice husk. Journal. Islamic Academic. Sciences. 5, 39-43. |
| [42] | Abdelhadi, L. O., Santin, F. J., and Gagliostro G. A. (2005). Corn fermentation of high moisture corn supplements for beef heifers grazing temperate pasture; effects on performance ruminal fermentation and in situ pasture digestion. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 118: 63-78. |
| [43] | Gonzalez J., Farıa-M armol J, Rodriguez C. A, and Martınez A. (2007). Effects of ensiling on ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of Italian rye-grass. Animal Feed Sciences and Technology. 136: 38–50. |
| [44] | Ogunsuyi H. O. (2015). Assessment of sweet potato peel as a potential raw material for bioethanol fuel. International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology. 2015; 2 (12). 2394-1588. |
| [45] | Balagopopal C, Maini SB (1976). Evaluation of certain species of fungi for single cell protein and amylase production in cassava liquid medium. Journal of Root Crops. 2: 49-51. |
| [46] | Femi-Ola, T. O, Daniels, T and O. F Olajiga (2013). Propagation of selected fungal isolates using media formulated from brewery spent waste. Bioscience Research, 10 (2): 60-64, 2013. |
| [47] | Hang, Y. D., Splittoesser, D. F. and Woodams, E. E. (1975). Utilization of Brewery spent grain liquor by Aspergillus niger. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. P. 879-880. |
| [48] | Ikenebomeh, M. J, Chikwendu, A. E (1997). Aspergillus niger biomass production in cassava whey medium. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology. 11: 52-63. 1997. |
APA Style
Daniels Adetoyosi Olutosin, Fadairo Johnson Kayode. (2021). Use of Agrowaste (Cassava Peels) to Cultivate Aspergillus niger for Biomass Production. International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, 6(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20210601.14
ACS Style
Daniels Adetoyosi Olutosin; Fadairo Johnson Kayode. Use of Agrowaste (Cassava Peels) to Cultivate Aspergillus niger for Biomass Production. Int. J. Biochem. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 2021, 6(1), 11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20210601.14
AMA Style
Daniels Adetoyosi Olutosin, Fadairo Johnson Kayode. Use of Agrowaste (Cassava Peels) to Cultivate Aspergillus niger for Biomass Production. Int J Biochem Biophys Mol Biol. 2021;6(1):11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20210601.14
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20210601.14,
author = {Daniels Adetoyosi Olutosin and Fadairo Johnson Kayode},
title = {Use of Agrowaste (Cassava Peels) to Cultivate Aspergillus niger for Biomass Production},
journal = {International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {11-17},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20210601.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20210601.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbbmb.20210601.14},
abstract = {Abstract Clinical strain of Aspergillus niger was cultivated using un-supplemented cassava peels to produce fungal biomass in this work. The proximate contents and organoleptic properties (smell, taste, viscosity, colour) of both the fermented and unfermented cassava peels broths were investigated adopting known methods. The total biomass produced was also established through a period of nine days. The result obtained showed the moisture content of the broth reduced from 86.29% to 31.60% at the end of the experiment. Similarly, crude fibre reduced from 10.88% to 8.87%. Also, the starch content reduced from 56.72% to 20.09% and cyanide reduced from 118.86ppm to 20.46ppm. On the other hand, Protein content increased from 6.24% to 11.22% and Ash content also increased from 4.88% to 10.23%. Biomass production increased daily from day one with initial weight of 1.253gm to 6.043gm on the 4th day. The biomass production peaked at day 5 with a weight of 8.266 gm and gradually reduced until a constant weight of 1.890gm was obtained on days 8 and 9. The quantity of biomass produced within the period of study makes the medium; cassava peels a good materials for biomass production which can be used in some industries as raw materials.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Agrowaste (Cassava Peels) to Cultivate Aspergillus niger for Biomass Production AU - Daniels Adetoyosi Olutosin AU - Fadairo Johnson Kayode Y1 - 2021/04/16 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20210601.14 DO - 10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20210601.14 T2 - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology JF - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology JO - International Journal of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology SP - 11 EP - 17 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-5862 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbbmb.20210601.14 AB - Abstract Clinical strain of Aspergillus niger was cultivated using un-supplemented cassava peels to produce fungal biomass in this work. The proximate contents and organoleptic properties (smell, taste, viscosity, colour) of both the fermented and unfermented cassava peels broths were investigated adopting known methods. The total biomass produced was also established through a period of nine days. The result obtained showed the moisture content of the broth reduced from 86.29% to 31.60% at the end of the experiment. Similarly, crude fibre reduced from 10.88% to 8.87%. Also, the starch content reduced from 56.72% to 20.09% and cyanide reduced from 118.86ppm to 20.46ppm. On the other hand, Protein content increased from 6.24% to 11.22% and Ash content also increased from 4.88% to 10.23%. Biomass production increased daily from day one with initial weight of 1.253gm to 6.043gm on the 4th day. The biomass production peaked at day 5 with a weight of 8.266 gm and gradually reduced until a constant weight of 1.890gm was obtained on days 8 and 9. The quantity of biomass produced within the period of study makes the medium; cassava peels a good materials for biomass production which can be used in some industries as raw materials. VL - 6 IS - 1 ER -
Information
Email: