In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania

Raphael Mbunduki

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16

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In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania

Raphael Mbunduki^*

Published in International Journal of Agricultural Economics (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 28 February 2024 Accepted: 18 March 2024 Published: 2 April 2024

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Abstract

Coffee has been among the traditional cash crops and one of the main contributors to foreign earnings in Tanzania. Consequently, earnings from its exports have remained low due to various production challenges which in turn affects export growth. These challenges have never been properly and intensively recognized for better decision-making. Therefore, this study was set to provide an in-depth assessment and understanding of key factors affecting coffee production in Tanzania.The study used simple random sampling to collect information from 364 respondents in four highly coffee-growing districts in Ruvuma, Mbeya, and Songwe regions. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires from small-scale farmers. Data were then analyzed by using a statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel. From the findings, poor agronomic practices such as inadequate application of fertilizer, poor pesticides and disease control, and aged low-yield coffee trees were found to be the main factors that strongly explain the relationship with low coffee production output due to their significant results. Furthermore, using regression the other variables found to significantly affect coffee production output level were limited access to finance and inadequate extension services. Based on the findings, sustainability of the coffee sector development, intensive government intervention is needed by putting more priority on training farmers best agronomic practices in the right way. This way, small farmers can be aware of the importance of the application of required agronomic practices as a key factor in the scale-up of productivity and production output. The Bank of Tanzania can also efficiently address the challenge of small-scale farmers in obtaining soft loans at a reasonable cost from financial institutions by creating an enabling environment. This should include the provision of a special loan facility to commercial banks connected with conditions to beneficial banks to lend to farmers at an indicative rate that can be affordable to small-scale coffee growers. These findings will inform policymakers and coffee stakeholders in the coffee value chain on the best actions and decision-making to enhance the sector's performance.

Published in	International Journal of Agricultural Economics (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16
Page(s)	97-109
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fertilizer Application, Pesticides and Diseases Control, Irrigation Infrastructure, Timely Pruning and Weeding, Aged Coffee Trees, Extension Services, Loans, Tanzania

References

[1]	Andrew, R., & Philip, D. (2014). Coffee Production in Kigoma Region, Tanzania:Profitability and Constraints. Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 13(2).
[2]	De Almeida, L., & Zylbersztajn, D. (2017). Key success factors in the Brazilian coffee agrichain: present and future challenges. International Journal on Food System Dynamics, 8(1012-2016-81294), 45-53.
[3]	Degaga, J. (2020). Review on coffee production and marketing in Ethiopia. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 67, 7-15.
[4]	International coffee organization “Annual report”. Available from https://icocoffee.org/ [Accessed 12 November 2023].
[5]	Kangile, J. R., Kadigi, R. M., Mgeni, C. P., Munishi, B. P., Kashaigili, J., & Munishi, P. K. (2021). Dynamics of coffee certifications in producer countries: re-examining the Tanzanian status, challenges and impacts on livelihoods and environmental conservation. Agriculture, 11(10), 931.
[6]	Kiwelu, L., Damas, P., & Mpenda, Z. (2021) Profitability Analysis of Coffee Production among Adopters and Non-Adopters of Improved Coffee Varieties in Mbinga and Mbozi Districts.
[7]	Mapunda, M. E., Mhando, D. G., & Waized, B. M. (2020). Determinants of participation of smallholder coffee farmers in warehouse receipt system in Mbinga District, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal for Population studies and Development, 26(1).
[8]	Marwa, N. (2029). Unlocking Coffee Production in Tanzania: What Does the Future Holds. Policy Brief, (7).
[9]	Mhando, D. G. (2019). Unlocking institutional constraints to increasing coffee production in Tanzania.
[10]	Mhando, D. G., & Mdoe, N. S. (2018). Why do smallholder famers in four Tanzanian districts continue with coffee production despite fluctuating prices.
[11]	Otieno, H. M., Alwenge, B. A., & Okumu, O. O. (2019). Coffee production challenges and opportunities in tanzania: the case study of coffee farmers in Iwindi, Msia and Lwati Villages in Mbeya Region.
[12]	Ruoja, C. S. (2016). The contribution of coffee exportation on poverty reduction in Tanzania empirical evidences from Kilimanjaro region.
[13]	Sambuo, D. B., & Mbwaga, A. (2017). Challenges of coffee price fluctuation and sustainability of agricultural marketing co-operatives in Tanzania: experience from Mbozi and Rombo Districts.
[14]	Tanzania Coffee Board “ (2021) Available from https://Coffee.go.tz [Accessed 16 March 2023].
[15]	United Republic of Tanzania “Annual report”. Available from https://kilimo.go.tz [Accessed 24 March 2023].
[16]	Velmourougane, K., & Bhat, R. (2017). Sustainability challenges in the coffee plantation sector. Sustainability Challenges in the Agrofood Sector, 616-642.

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APA Style

Mbunduki, R. (2024). In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania . International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 9(2), 97-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16

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ACS Style

Mbunduki, R. In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania . Int. J. Agric. Econ. 2024, 9(2), 97-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16

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Mbunduki R. In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania . Int J Agric Econ. 2024;9(2):97-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16,
  author = {Raphael Mbunduki},
  title = {In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania
},
  journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Economics},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijae.20240902.16},
  abstract = {Coffee has been among the traditional cash crops and one of the main contributors to foreign earnings in Tanzania. Consequently, earnings from its exports have remained low due to various production challenges which in turn affects export growth. These challenges have never been properly and intensively recognized for better decision-making. Therefore, this study was set to provide an in-depth assessment and understanding of key factors affecting coffee production in Tanzania.The study used simple random sampling to collect information from 364 respondents in four highly coffee-growing districts in Ruvuma, Mbeya, and Songwe regions. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires from small-scale farmers. Data were then analyzed by using a statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel. From the findings, poor agronomic practices such as inadequate application of fertilizer, poor pesticides and disease control, and aged low-yield coffee trees were found to be the main factors that strongly explain the relationship with low coffee production output due to their significant results. Furthermore, using regression the other variables found to significantly affect coffee production output level were limited access to finance and inadequate extension services. Based on the findings, sustainability of the coffee sector development, intensive government intervention is needed by putting more priority on training farmers best agronomic practices in the right way. This way, small farmers can be aware of the importance of the application of required agronomic practices as a key factor in the scale-up of productivity and production output. The Bank of Tanzania can also efficiently address the challenge of small-scale farmers in obtaining soft loans at a reasonable cost from financial institutions by creating an enabling environment. This should include the provision of a special loan facility to commercial banks connected with conditions to beneficial banks to lend to farmers at an indicative rate that can be affordable to small-scale coffee growers. These findings will inform policymakers and coffee stakeholders in the coffee value chain on the best actions and decision-making to enhance the sector's performance.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania

AU  - Raphael Mbunduki
Y1  - 2024/04/02
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16
T2  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JF  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JO  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
SP  - 97
EP  - 109
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3843
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16
AB  - Coffee has been among the traditional cash crops and one of the main contributors to foreign earnings in Tanzania. Consequently, earnings from its exports have remained low due to various production challenges which in turn affects export growth. These challenges have never been properly and intensively recognized for better decision-making. Therefore, this study was set to provide an in-depth assessment and understanding of key factors affecting coffee production in Tanzania.The study used simple random sampling to collect information from 364 respondents in four highly coffee-growing districts in Ruvuma, Mbeya, and Songwe regions. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires from small-scale farmers. Data were then analyzed by using a statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel. From the findings, poor agronomic practices such as inadequate application of fertilizer, poor pesticides and disease control, and aged low-yield coffee trees were found to be the main factors that strongly explain the relationship with low coffee production output due to their significant results. Furthermore, using regression the other variables found to significantly affect coffee production output level were limited access to finance and inadequate extension services. Based on the findings, sustainability of the coffee sector development, intensive government intervention is needed by putting more priority on training farmers best agronomic practices in the right way. This way, small farmers can be aware of the importance of the application of required agronomic practices as a key factor in the scale-up of productivity and production output. The Bank of Tanzania can also efficiently address the challenge of small-scale farmers in obtaining soft loans at a reasonable cost from financial institutions by creating an enabling environment. This should include the provision of a special loan facility to commercial banks connected with conditions to beneficial banks to lend to farmers at an indicative rate that can be affordable to small-scale coffee growers. These findings will inform policymakers and coffee stakeholders in the coffee value chain on the best actions and decision-making to enhance the sector's performance.

VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Raphael Mbunduki

Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, College of Agricultural Science and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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APA Style

Mbunduki, R. (2024). In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania . International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 9(2), 97-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16

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ACS Style

Mbunduki, R. In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania . Int. J. Agric. Econ. 2024, 9(2), 97-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mbunduki R. In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania . Int J Agric Econ. 2024;9(2):97-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16,
  author = {Raphael Mbunduki},
  title = {In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania
},
  journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Economics},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijae.20240902.16},
  abstract = {Coffee has been among the traditional cash crops and one of the main contributors to foreign earnings in Tanzania. Consequently, earnings from its exports have remained low due to various production challenges which in turn affects export growth. These challenges have never been properly and intensively recognized for better decision-making. Therefore, this study was set to provide an in-depth assessment and understanding of key factors affecting coffee production in Tanzania.The study used simple random sampling to collect information from 364 respondents in four highly coffee-growing districts in Ruvuma, Mbeya, and Songwe regions. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires from small-scale farmers. Data were then analyzed by using a statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel. From the findings, poor agronomic practices such as inadequate application of fertilizer, poor pesticides and disease control, and aged low-yield coffee trees were found to be the main factors that strongly explain the relationship with low coffee production output due to their significant results. Furthermore, using regression the other variables found to significantly affect coffee production output level were limited access to finance and inadequate extension services. Based on the findings, sustainability of the coffee sector development, intensive government intervention is needed by putting more priority on training farmers best agronomic practices in the right way. This way, small farmers can be aware of the importance of the application of required agronomic practices as a key factor in the scale-up of productivity and production output. The Bank of Tanzania can also efficiently address the challenge of small-scale farmers in obtaining soft loans at a reasonable cost from financial institutions by creating an enabling environment. This should include the provision of a special loan facility to commercial banks connected with conditions to beneficial banks to lend to farmers at an indicative rate that can be affordable to small-scale coffee growers. These findings will inform policymakers and coffee stakeholders in the coffee value chain on the best actions and decision-making to enhance the sector's performance.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania

AU  - Raphael Mbunduki
Y1  - 2024/04/02
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16
T2  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JF  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JO  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
SP  - 97
EP  - 109
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3843
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20240902.16
AB  - Coffee has been among the traditional cash crops and one of the main contributors to foreign earnings in Tanzania. Consequently, earnings from its exports have remained low due to various production challenges which in turn affects export growth. These challenges have never been properly and intensively recognized for better decision-making. Therefore, this study was set to provide an in-depth assessment and understanding of key factors affecting coffee production in Tanzania.The study used simple random sampling to collect information from 364 respondents in four highly coffee-growing districts in Ruvuma, Mbeya, and Songwe regions. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires from small-scale farmers. Data were then analyzed by using a statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel. From the findings, poor agronomic practices such as inadequate application of fertilizer, poor pesticides and disease control, and aged low-yield coffee trees were found to be the main factors that strongly explain the relationship with low coffee production output due to their significant results. Furthermore, using regression the other variables found to significantly affect coffee production output level were limited access to finance and inadequate extension services. Based on the findings, sustainability of the coffee sector development, intensive government intervention is needed by putting more priority on training farmers best agronomic practices in the right way. This way, small farmers can be aware of the importance of the application of required agronomic practices as a key factor in the scale-up of productivity and production output. The Bank of Tanzania can also efficiently address the challenge of small-scale farmers in obtaining soft loans at a reasonable cost from financial institutions by creating an enabling environment. This should include the provision of a special loan facility to commercial banks connected with conditions to beneficial banks to lend to farmers at an indicative rate that can be affordable to small-scale coffee growers. These findings will inform policymakers and coffee stakeholders in the coffee value chain on the best actions and decision-making to enhance the sector's performance.

VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download