Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time

Ousmane Gaye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.history.20221002.14

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Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time

Ousmane Gaye

Published in History Research (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 25 June 2022 Accepted: 26 July 2022 Published: 4 August 2022

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Abstract

The problem of the bar in relation to the accessibility of Saint-Louis of Senegal does not date from today. Its acuteness at the apogee of the Atlantic trade is linked to the river-sea axis allowing the contact between the colonial establishment and its European metropolis, condition sine qua non of the trade with the Senegambian states. The mastery of the crossing of the bar, reputedly perilous, gave birth to the pilotage service, occupied by the riverside populations of Saint-Louis. The geohistorical approach, based on a sectoral analysis, will allow us to study the multiple dynamics, born of the perverse effect of the difficulties of the bar at the mouth of the river, in a large space, North Senegambia, at the time of the Atlantic trade. This study aims to clear the ground on an almost unknown area of Senegambian historiography. It is true that works in geography and history deal respectively with all natural phenomena and historical facts. But these works were carried out without a direct connection between these two disciplines of the social sciences. The desire to broaden the perspective of the analysis of geographical phenomena and historical events has led us to adopt a geohistorical approach that Segambian historiography seems to neglect.

Published in	History Research (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.history.20221002.14
Page(s)	95-101
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Barre, Saint-Louis, Atlantic Slave Trade, Senegambian States, Senegal River

References

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[2]	BECKER C. and MARTIN V., 1975, “Kayor and Baol, Senegalese kingdoms and the slave trade in the 18th century”; in: RFHOM, t. 62, n°226-227, 1st and 2nd quarters, The Atlantic slave trade: new approaches, pp. 270-300.
[3]	BOILAT, 1984, Senegalese sketches, Paris, Karthala, 534 p.
[4]	CULTRU P., 1913, First trip of Mr. Da la Courbe to the coast of Africa in 1685, History of the French Colonies, Edouard Champion & Emile Larose, 321 p.
[5]	DIAGNE M., “A country of shipwreck looters: Le Gandiole”, Bulletin of the Committee for Historical and Scientific Studies of the AOF, no 2, April-June 1919, pp. 137-177.
[6]	DELCOURT A, 1952, France and the French establishments in Senegal between 1713 and 1763: the Indian company and Senegal-the rubber war, Dakar, IFAN, 432 p.
[7]	DEMANET A., 1767, New History of French Africa, Paris, The widow Duchesne, p. 187.2 t. 666 p.
[8]	De ROCHEFORT J., 1643, Voyage from Libya to the Kingdom of Senegal, along the Niger, Paris, Ch. Rouillard, p. 328.
[9]	DIOUF M., 1999, The Kajoor in the 19th century; ceddo power and colonial conquest, Paris, 325 p.
[10]	DURAND J. P. L., 1802, Trip to Senegal, made in the years 1785 and 1786, Paris, H. Agasse, vol. 2 (359p, 383p).
[11]	FALL M., 2016, The terroirs of Senegambia between the sword and the crescent: 10th – 20th centuries, Dakar, Harmattan Senegal, 608 p.
[12]	GAYE O., 2020, “The defense of the colony of Senegal (Saint-Louis): Franco-British wars and Euro-African conflicts 1758-1817”, FLSH-UCAD, dept. History, 394 p.
[13]	GOLBERRY S. M. X., 1802, Fragments of a trip to Africa, made during the years 1785, 1786, and 1787 in the western regions of this continent, between the cape blanc de barbarie, by 4 degrees, 30 minutes, northern latitude, Paris, 2t. (512 and 522 pages).
[14]	GUILHERME R., 2012, “The genesis of geohistory in Fernand Braudel: a chapter in the history of geographical thought”; https://www.cairn.info/revue-annales-de-geographie-2012-4-page-329.htm
[15]	JACOB-ROUSSEAU N., 2009, Geohistory/geo-history: which methods for which narrative? flight. 84, p. 211-216; https://doi.org/10.4000/geocarrefour.7598
[16]	JORE L., 1965-1966, "French settlements on the West African coast from 1758-1809", RFHOM, 477 p.
[17]	LAMIRAL, D. H., Memoir on Senegal, Paris, 1791, 53 p.; https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k84357c/f2.image.r=lamiral,%20mémoire%20sur%20le%20Sénégal.
[18]	LY A., 1995, The theorization of the capitalist connection of continents: a historian's point of view, IFAN, 35 p.
[19]	MOLLIEN G., 1822, Voyage in the interior of Africa, to the sources of Senegal and Gambia, made in 1818, Paris, Arthur Bertrand, 2 vols (337 and 319 p.).
[20]	RITCHIE C. I. A., 1968, Chambonneau, "two texts on Senegal (1673-1677)", BIFAN, nº30, series B, pp. 289-353.
[21]	SANKALE S., 2007, A la mode du pays. Chronicles of Saint-Louis, Paris, Riveneuve, 381 p.
[22]	SCHEFER C., 1921, General instructions given from 1763 to 1870 to governors and directors of French establishments in West Africa, Paris, E. Champion, vol 1. 685 p.
[23]	SINOU A., Counters and colonial cities of Senegal: Saint-Louis, Gorée, Dakar, Paris, Karthala/Orstom, 1993, 364 p.
[24]	WEISSENBERGER S., NOBLET M., PLANTE S., CHOUINARD O., GUILLEMOT J., AUBE M., MEUR-FEREC C., MICHEL-GUILLOU É., GAYE N., KANE A., KANE C., NIANG A & SECK A., 2016, “Climate change, coastal changes and evolution of coastal vulnerability over time: comparison of French, Canadian and Senegalese territories”. Vertigo, V. 16, no. 3; https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1039982ar
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APA Style

Ousmane Gaye. (2022). Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time. History Research, 10(2), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20221002.14

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ACS Style

Ousmane Gaye. Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time. Hist. Res. 2022, 10(2), 95-101. doi: 10.11648/j.history.20221002.14

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AMA Style

Ousmane Gaye. Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time. Hist Res. 2022;10(2):95-101. doi: 10.11648/j.history.20221002.14

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@article{10.11648/j.history.20221002.14,
  author = {Ousmane Gaye},
  title = {Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time},
  journal = {History Research},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {95-101},
  doi = {10.11648/j.history.20221002.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20221002.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.history.20221002.14},
  abstract = {The problem of the bar in relation to the accessibility of Saint-Louis of Senegal does not date from today. Its acuteness at the apogee of the Atlantic trade is linked to the river-sea axis allowing the contact between the colonial establishment and its European metropolis, condition sine qua non of the trade with the Senegambian states. The mastery of the crossing of the bar, reputedly perilous, gave birth to the pilotage service, occupied by the riverside populations of Saint-Louis. The geohistorical approach, based on a sectoral analysis, will allow us to study the multiple dynamics, born of the perverse effect of the difficulties of the bar at the mouth of the river, in a large space, North Senegambia, at the time of the Atlantic trade. This study aims to clear the ground on an almost unknown area of Senegambian historiography. It is true that works in geography and history deal respectively with all natural phenomena and historical facts. But these works were carried out without a direct connection between these two disciplines of the social sciences. The desire to broaden the perspective of the analysis of geographical phenomena and historical events has led us to adopt a geohistorical approach that Segambian historiography seems to neglect.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time
AU  - Ousmane Gaye
Y1  - 2022/08/04
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20221002.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.history.20221002.14
T2  - History Research
JF  - History Research
JO  - History Research
SP  - 95
EP  - 101
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-6719
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20221002.14
AB  - The problem of the bar in relation to the accessibility of Saint-Louis of Senegal does not date from today. Its acuteness at the apogee of the Atlantic trade is linked to the river-sea axis allowing the contact between the colonial establishment and its European metropolis, condition sine qua non of the trade with the Senegambian states. The mastery of the crossing of the bar, reputedly perilous, gave birth to the pilotage service, occupied by the riverside populations of Saint-Louis. The geohistorical approach, based on a sectoral analysis, will allow us to study the multiple dynamics, born of the perverse effect of the difficulties of the bar at the mouth of the river, in a large space, North Senegambia, at the time of the Atlantic trade. This study aims to clear the ground on an almost unknown area of Senegambian historiography. It is true that works in geography and history deal respectively with all natural phenomena and historical facts. But these works were carried out without a direct connection between these two disciplines of the social sciences. The desire to broaden the perspective of the analysis of geographical phenomena and historical events has led us to adopt a geohistorical approach that Segambian historiography seems to neglect.
VL  - 10
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Author Information

Ousmane Gaye

Faculty of Arts and Humanities, History Department, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ousmane Gaye. (2022). Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time. History Research, 10(2), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20221002.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ousmane Gaye. Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time. Hist. Res. 2022, 10(2), 95-101. doi: 10.11648/j.history.20221002.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ousmane Gaye. Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time. Hist Res. 2022;10(2):95-101. doi: 10.11648/j.history.20221002.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.history.20221002.14,
  author = {Ousmane Gaye},
  title = {Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time},
  journal = {History Research},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {95-101},
  doi = {10.11648/j.history.20221002.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20221002.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.history.20221002.14},
  abstract = {The problem of the bar in relation to the accessibility of Saint-Louis of Senegal does not date from today. Its acuteness at the apogee of the Atlantic trade is linked to the river-sea axis allowing the contact between the colonial establishment and its European metropolis, condition sine qua non of the trade with the Senegambian states. The mastery of the crossing of the bar, reputedly perilous, gave birth to the pilotage service, occupied by the riverside populations of Saint-Louis. The geohistorical approach, based on a sectoral analysis, will allow us to study the multiple dynamics, born of the perverse effect of the difficulties of the bar at the mouth of the river, in a large space, North Senegambia, at the time of the Atlantic trade. This study aims to clear the ground on an almost unknown area of Senegambian historiography. It is true that works in geography and history deal respectively with all natural phenomena and historical facts. But these works were carried out without a direct connection between these two disciplines of the social sciences. The desire to broaden the perspective of the analysis of geographical phenomena and historical events has led us to adopt a geohistorical approach that Segambian historiography seems to neglect.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Geohistory of the Senegal River Bar in Atlantic Time
AU  - Ousmane Gaye
Y1  - 2022/08/04
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20221002.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.history.20221002.14
T2  - History Research
JF  - History Research
JO  - History Research
SP  - 95
EP  - 101
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-6719
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20221002.14
AB  - The problem of the bar in relation to the accessibility of Saint-Louis of Senegal does not date from today. Its acuteness at the apogee of the Atlantic trade is linked to the river-sea axis allowing the contact between the colonial establishment and its European metropolis, condition sine qua non of the trade with the Senegambian states. The mastery of the crossing of the bar, reputedly perilous, gave birth to the pilotage service, occupied by the riverside populations of Saint-Louis. The geohistorical approach, based on a sectoral analysis, will allow us to study the multiple dynamics, born of the perverse effect of the difficulties of the bar at the mouth of the river, in a large space, North Senegambia, at the time of the Atlantic trade. This study aims to clear the ground on an almost unknown area of Senegambian historiography. It is true that works in geography and history deal respectively with all natural phenomena and historical facts. But these works were carried out without a direct connection between these two disciplines of the social sciences. The desire to broaden the perspective of the analysis of geographical phenomena and historical events has led us to adopt a geohistorical approach that Segambian historiography seems to neglect.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download