Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria

Chidiebere Diyoke; Lesodah Esther Eja; Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado

doi:doi:10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12

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Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria

Chidiebere Diyoke, Lesodah Esther Eja, Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado

Published in American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems (Volume 11, Issue 2)

Received: 29 April 2022 Accepted: 16 May 2022 Published: 26 May 2022

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Abstract

This paper reports on a hydro backed-up (HPBU) hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a rural off-grid community in Kwara State Nigeria with an average demand load of 550.9 kWh (90.7 kW peak) per day. By using HOMER Pro software, the formulation and identification of the best reliable system architecture for attaining technical and economic viability while using nearby existing RE sources such as hydro, wind and solar energy are appropriately modelled and optimized based on the minimal net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). It was determined that the three best feasible configurations of a HPBU-HRES for the site have an annual output ranging from 1,642,979 – 1,749,272 kWh/yr and a cost of electricity (COE) in the range of 0.34 – 0.64 $/kWh. The best optimal HPBU-HRES (system 1) is a combination of 184 kW of solar PV (PV), 4,545 kWh of battery capacity (BB), 81.3 kW of converter (Conv) and 277 kW of hydro generation capacity (HPP). A comparison study undertaken to illustrate the economic benefits of the studied systems shows that about 288,116, 88,342 and 53, 88 kg/yr of CO₂ savings is possible against diesel only, grid extension and first best equivalent diesel engine backed-up (DEBU) system respectively. In furtherance of the study, a sensitivity analysis of the likely variation associated with the metrological parameters, load and cost of components was undertaken. The Outcomes show that system 1 (PV/HPP-BB) is the optimal system for small to medium loads (≤600 kWh/day), irrespective of the solar radiation. In addition, it is established that a decrease in the system’s total initial cost by half will lead to a decline of COE to $0.177 per kWh at a corresponding NPC of $3,029.

Published in	American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems (Volume 11, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12
Page(s)	31-47
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Wind Energy, Solar PV, Nigeria Energy Resources, Techno-economic Analysis, Rural Electrification

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APA Style

Chidiebere Diyoke, Lesodah Esther Eja, Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado. (2022). Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria. American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 11(2), 31-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12

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ACS Style

Chidiebere Diyoke; Lesodah Esther Eja; Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado. Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria. Am. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2022, 11(2), 31-47. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12

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AMA Style

Chidiebere Diyoke, Lesodah Esther Eja, Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado. Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria. Am J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2022;11(2):31-47. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12

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@article{10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12,
  author = {Chidiebere Diyoke and Lesodah Esther Eja and Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado},
  title = {Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.epes.20221102.12},
  abstract = {This paper reports on a hydro backed-up (HPBU) hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a rural off-grid community in Kwara State Nigeria with an average demand load of 550.9 kWh (90.7 kW peak) per day. By using HOMER Pro software, the formulation and identification of the best reliable system architecture for attaining technical and economic viability while using nearby existing RE sources such as hydro, wind and solar energy are appropriately modelled and optimized based on the minimal net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). It was determined that the three best feasible configurations of a HPBU-HRES for the site have an annual output ranging from 1,642,979 – 1,749,272 kWh/yr and a cost of electricity (COE) in the range of 0.34 – 0.64 $/kWh. The best optimal HPBU-HRES (system 1) is a combination of 184 kW of solar PV (PV), 4,545 kWh of battery capacity (BB), 81.3 kW of converter (Conv) and 277 kW of hydro generation capacity (HPP). A comparison study undertaken to illustrate the economic benefits of the studied systems shows that about 288,116, 88,342 and 53, 88 kg/yr of CO2 savings is possible against diesel only, grid extension and first best equivalent diesel engine backed-up (DEBU) system respectively. In furtherance of the study, a sensitivity analysis of the likely variation associated with the metrological parameters, load and cost of components was undertaken. The Outcomes show that system 1 (PV/HPP-BB) is the optimal system for small to medium loads (≤600 kWh/day), irrespective of the solar radiation. In addition, it is established that a decrease in the system’s total initial cost by half will lead to a decline of COE to $0.177 per kWh at a corresponding NPC of $3,029.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria
AU  - Chidiebere Diyoke
AU  - Lesodah Esther Eja
AU  - Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado
Y1  - 2022/05/26
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12
T2  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JF  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JO  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
SP  - 31
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9200
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12
AB  - This paper reports on a hydro backed-up (HPBU) hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a rural off-grid community in Kwara State Nigeria with an average demand load of 550.9 kWh (90.7 kW peak) per day. By using HOMER Pro software, the formulation and identification of the best reliable system architecture for attaining technical and economic viability while using nearby existing RE sources such as hydro, wind and solar energy are appropriately modelled and optimized based on the minimal net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). It was determined that the three best feasible configurations of a HPBU-HRES for the site have an annual output ranging from 1,642,979 – 1,749,272 kWh/yr and a cost of electricity (COE) in the range of 0.34 – 0.64 $/kWh. The best optimal HPBU-HRES (system 1) is a combination of 184 kW of solar PV (PV), 4,545 kWh of battery capacity (BB), 81.3 kW of converter (Conv) and 277 kW of hydro generation capacity (HPP). A comparison study undertaken to illustrate the economic benefits of the studied systems shows that about 288,116, 88,342 and 53, 88 kg/yr of CO2 savings is possible against diesel only, grid extension and first best equivalent diesel engine backed-up (DEBU) system respectively. In furtherance of the study, a sensitivity analysis of the likely variation associated with the metrological parameters, load and cost of components was undertaken. The Outcomes show that system 1 (PV/HPP-BB) is the optimal system for small to medium loads (≤600 kWh/day), irrespective of the solar radiation. In addition, it is established that a decrease in the system’s total initial cost by half will lead to a decline of COE to $0.177 per kWh at a corresponding NPC of $3,029.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Chidiebere Diyoke

Depatment of Mechanical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
Lesodah Esther Eja

Depatment of Mechanical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado

Depatment of Agricultural and Bio-resources Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria

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APA Style

Chidiebere Diyoke, Lesodah Esther Eja, Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado. (2022). Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria. American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 11(2), 31-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12

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ACS Style

Chidiebere Diyoke; Lesodah Esther Eja; Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado. Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria. Am. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2022, 11(2), 31-47. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12

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AMA Style

Chidiebere Diyoke, Lesodah Esther Eja, Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado. Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria. Am J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2022;11(2):31-47. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12,
  author = {Chidiebere Diyoke and Lesodah Esther Eja and Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado},
  title = {Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.epes.20221102.12},
  abstract = {This paper reports on a hydro backed-up (HPBU) hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a rural off-grid community in Kwara State Nigeria with an average demand load of 550.9 kWh (90.7 kW peak) per day. By using HOMER Pro software, the formulation and identification of the best reliable system architecture for attaining technical and economic viability while using nearby existing RE sources such as hydro, wind and solar energy are appropriately modelled and optimized based on the minimal net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). It was determined that the three best feasible configurations of a HPBU-HRES for the site have an annual output ranging from 1,642,979 – 1,749,272 kWh/yr and a cost of electricity (COE) in the range of 0.34 – 0.64 $/kWh. The best optimal HPBU-HRES (system 1) is a combination of 184 kW of solar PV (PV), 4,545 kWh of battery capacity (BB), 81.3 kW of converter (Conv) and 277 kW of hydro generation capacity (HPP). A comparison study undertaken to illustrate the economic benefits of the studied systems shows that about 288,116, 88,342 and 53, 88 kg/yr of CO2 savings is possible against diesel only, grid extension and first best equivalent diesel engine backed-up (DEBU) system respectively. In furtherance of the study, a sensitivity analysis of the likely variation associated with the metrological parameters, load and cost of components was undertaken. The Outcomes show that system 1 (PV/HPP-BB) is the optimal system for small to medium loads (≤600 kWh/day), irrespective of the solar radiation. In addition, it is established that a decrease in the system’s total initial cost by half will lead to a decline of COE to $0.177 per kWh at a corresponding NPC of $3,029.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Hydro Backed-up Hybrid Renewable System for Off-grid Power in Nigeria
AU  - Chidiebere Diyoke
AU  - Lesodah Esther Eja
AU  - Ugwu Kenneth Chikwado
Y1  - 2022/05/26
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12
T2  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JF  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JO  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
SP  - 31
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9200
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20221102.12
AB  - This paper reports on a hydro backed-up (HPBU) hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a rural off-grid community in Kwara State Nigeria with an average demand load of 550.9 kWh (90.7 kW peak) per day. By using HOMER Pro software, the formulation and identification of the best reliable system architecture for attaining technical and economic viability while using nearby existing RE sources such as hydro, wind and solar energy are appropriately modelled and optimized based on the minimal net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). It was determined that the three best feasible configurations of a HPBU-HRES for the site have an annual output ranging from 1,642,979 – 1,749,272 kWh/yr and a cost of electricity (COE) in the range of 0.34 – 0.64 $/kWh. The best optimal HPBU-HRES (system 1) is a combination of 184 kW of solar PV (PV), 4,545 kWh of battery capacity (BB), 81.3 kW of converter (Conv) and 277 kW of hydro generation capacity (HPP). A comparison study undertaken to illustrate the economic benefits of the studied systems shows that about 288,116, 88,342 and 53, 88 kg/yr of CO2 savings is possible against diesel only, grid extension and first best equivalent diesel engine backed-up (DEBU) system respectively. In furtherance of the study, a sensitivity analysis of the likely variation associated with the metrological parameters, load and cost of components was undertaken. The Outcomes show that system 1 (PV/HPP-BB) is the optimal system for small to medium loads (≤600 kWh/day), irrespective of the solar radiation. In addition, it is established that a decrease in the system’s total initial cost by half will lead to a decline of COE to $0.177 per kWh at a corresponding NPC of $3,029.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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