Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks

Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu; Damian Obioma Dike; Samuel Okechukwu Okozi; Matthew Olubiwe; Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11

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Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks

Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu, Damian Obioma Dike, Samuel Okechukwu Okozi, Matthew Olubiwe, Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo

Published in American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems (Volume 8, Issue 4)

Received: 12 June 2019 Accepted: 12 July 2019 Published: 26 July 2019

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Abstract

The design of a power pool scheme for demand-side management of co-located banks in Owerri metropolis, Nigeria has been carried out in this work. The paper addressed the problem of matching instantaneous load demand with appropriate generator capacities which results from dynamic nature of small and medium scale industrial load, such as co-located banks. It also aimed at proffering solutions to health and environmental problems associated with use of scattered single generators per firm. A model for interconnection of generators and loads in a pool structure was developed to form a ring network, analogous to a typical power system. One of the generators in the pool was chosen as the slack bus and the other generators and load buses were arranged in the power pool arrangement such that Newton-Raphson’s method could be applied in load flow analysis. With this modeling and application of appropriate schedule, a cooperative pooling model was developed such that only the exact generating capacities were deployed. The proposed model was simulated by paralleling three 200kVA generator units in a synchronized ring network to serve the entire five banks. Results from the load flow analysis showed that the per unit voltage magnitudes at buses 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 1.000, 0.997, 1.000, 0.998 and 1.000 respectively, while voltage mismatch angles (degree) were also gotten as 0.000, 0.003, 0.024, 0.060 and 0.086 respectively for the buses 1 to 5. From the cost benefit analysis carried out, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.965 was calculated, which showed that this project will be very beneficial to the co-operating banks. Scheduling the operations of the three generators using mathematical permutation and combination model showed that the total man-hour of the plant operators is reduced by 40%. Also, applying the greenhouse gases emissions cost model it was found that the carbon footprints i.e. greenhouse cost for the interconnected network is reduced by 40%.

Published in	American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11
Page(s)	86-94
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Power-pool, Demand-side Management, Generator Scheduling, Instantaneous Load Matching, Electricity Consumer Cooperative

References

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[3]	N. Farzam and L. YunWei, “Overview of Power Management Strategies of Hybrid,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30 No. 12, pp. 7072–7089, 2015.
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[8]	T. S. Oladimeji and O. B. Akinwale, “Community-Based Power Generation : A Viable Option for Nigeria. ” 4^th Annual NAEE/IAEE International Conference, Abuja, Nigeria, 29 April, 2011.
[9]	M. R. Narimani, P. J. Nauert, J. Y. Joo, and M. L. Crow, “Reliability assesment of power system at the presence of demand side management,” 2016 IEEE Power Energy Conf. Illinois, PECI 2016, 2016.
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[11]	C. Shang, D. Srinivasan, and T. Reindl, “Joint generation and multiple demand scheduling in off-grid buildings,” 2015 IEEE Int. Conf. Build. Energy Effic. Sustain. Technol. ICBEST 2015, September, pp. 50–55, 2015.
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[16]	A. P. Generation, “Parallel Generators and Synchronization, Generator Power System Design. ” [online]. Available: www.aksapowergen.com [Accessed 12-Jan-2019].
[17]	U. Amin, G. Ahmad, S. Zahoor, and F. Durrani, “Implementation of Parallel Synchronization Method of Generators for Power & Cost Saving in University of Gujrat,” Energy Power Eng., vol. 06, no. 10, pp. 317–332, 2014.
[18]	E. hub projects and Tutorial, “Synchronization of generators.” [Online]. Available: http://www.electronicshub.org/synchronization-of-generators. [Accessed: 23-May-2018].
[19]	S. Benhamed, H. Ibrahim, and K. Belmokhtar, “Dynamic Modeling of Diesel Generator Based on Electrical and Mechanical Aspects,” October 2017.
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Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu, Damian Obioma Dike, Samuel Okechukwu Okozi, Matthew Olubiwe, Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo. (2019). Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks. American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 8(4), 86-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11

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ACS Style

Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu; Damian Obioma Dike; Samuel Okechukwu Okozi; Matthew Olubiwe; Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo. Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks. Am. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2019, 8(4), 86-94. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11

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AMA Style

Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu, Damian Obioma Dike, Samuel Okechukwu Okozi, Matthew Olubiwe, Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo. Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks. Am J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2019;8(4):86-94. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11

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@article{10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11,
  author = {Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu and Damian Obioma Dike and Samuel Okechukwu Okozi and Matthew Olubiwe and Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo},
  title = {Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks},
  journal = {American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {86-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.epes.20190804.11},
  abstract = {The design of a power pool scheme for demand-side management of co-located banks in Owerri metropolis, Nigeria has been carried out in this work. The paper addressed the problem of matching instantaneous load demand with appropriate generator capacities which results from dynamic nature of small and medium scale industrial load, such as co-located banks. It also aimed at proffering solutions to health and environmental problems associated with use of scattered single generators per firm. A model for interconnection of generators and loads in a pool structure was developed to form a ring network, analogous to a typical power system. One of the generators in the pool was chosen as the slack bus and the other generators and load buses were arranged in the power pool arrangement such that Newton-Raphson’s method could be applied in load flow analysis. With this modeling and application of appropriate schedule, a cooperative pooling model was developed such that only the exact generating capacities were deployed. The proposed model was simulated by paralleling three 200kVA generator units in a synchronized ring network to serve the entire five banks. Results from the load flow analysis showed that the per unit voltage magnitudes at buses 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 1.000, 0.997, 1.000, 0.998 and 1.000 respectively, while voltage mismatch angles (degree) were also gotten as 0.000, 0.003, 0.024, 0.060 and 0.086 respectively for the buses 1 to 5. From the cost benefit analysis carried out, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.965 was calculated, which showed that this project will be very beneficial to the co-operating banks. Scheduling the operations of the three generators using mathematical permutation and combination model showed that the total man-hour of the plant operators is reduced by 40%. Also, applying the greenhouse gases emissions cost model it was found that the carbon footprints i.e. greenhouse cost for the interconnected network is reduced by 40%.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks
AU  - Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu
AU  - Damian Obioma Dike
AU  - Samuel Okechukwu Okozi
AU  - Matthew Olubiwe
AU  - Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo
Y1  - 2019/07/26
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11
T2  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JF  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JO  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
SP  - 86
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9200
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11
AB  - The design of a power pool scheme for demand-side management of co-located banks in Owerri metropolis, Nigeria has been carried out in this work. The paper addressed the problem of matching instantaneous load demand with appropriate generator capacities which results from dynamic nature of small and medium scale industrial load, such as co-located banks. It also aimed at proffering solutions to health and environmental problems associated with use of scattered single generators per firm. A model for interconnection of generators and loads in a pool structure was developed to form a ring network, analogous to a typical power system. One of the generators in the pool was chosen as the slack bus and the other generators and load buses were arranged in the power pool arrangement such that Newton-Raphson’s method could be applied in load flow analysis. With this modeling and application of appropriate schedule, a cooperative pooling model was developed such that only the exact generating capacities were deployed. The proposed model was simulated by paralleling three 200kVA generator units in a synchronized ring network to serve the entire five banks. Results from the load flow analysis showed that the per unit voltage magnitudes at buses 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 1.000, 0.997, 1.000, 0.998 and 1.000 respectively, while voltage mismatch angles (degree) were also gotten as 0.000, 0.003, 0.024, 0.060 and 0.086 respectively for the buses 1 to 5. From the cost benefit analysis carried out, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.965 was calculated, which showed that this project will be very beneficial to the co-operating banks. Scheduling the operations of the three generators using mathematical permutation and combination model showed that the total man-hour of the plant operators is reduced by 40%. Also, applying the greenhouse gases emissions cost model it was found that the carbon footprints i.e. greenhouse cost for the interconnected network is reduced by 40%.
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Damian Obioma Dike

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Samuel Okechukwu Okozi

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Matthew Olubiwe

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu, Damian Obioma Dike, Samuel Okechukwu Okozi, Matthew Olubiwe, Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo. (2019). Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks. American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 8(4), 86-94. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11

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ACS Style

Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu; Damian Obioma Dike; Samuel Okechukwu Okozi; Matthew Olubiwe; Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo. Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks. Am. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2019, 8(4), 86-94. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11

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AMA Style

Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu, Damian Obioma Dike, Samuel Okechukwu Okozi, Matthew Olubiwe, Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo. Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks. Am J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2019;8(4):86-94. doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11

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@article{10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11,
  author = {Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu and Damian Obioma Dike and Samuel Okechukwu Okozi and Matthew Olubiwe and Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo},
  title = {Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks},
  journal = {American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {86-94},
  doi = {10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.epes.20190804.11},
  abstract = {The design of a power pool scheme for demand-side management of co-located banks in Owerri metropolis, Nigeria has been carried out in this work. The paper addressed the problem of matching instantaneous load demand with appropriate generator capacities which results from dynamic nature of small and medium scale industrial load, such as co-located banks. It also aimed at proffering solutions to health and environmental problems associated with use of scattered single generators per firm. A model for interconnection of generators and loads in a pool structure was developed to form a ring network, analogous to a typical power system. One of the generators in the pool was chosen as the slack bus and the other generators and load buses were arranged in the power pool arrangement such that Newton-Raphson’s method could be applied in load flow analysis. With this modeling and application of appropriate schedule, a cooperative pooling model was developed such that only the exact generating capacities were deployed. The proposed model was simulated by paralleling three 200kVA generator units in a synchronized ring network to serve the entire five banks. Results from the load flow analysis showed that the per unit voltage magnitudes at buses 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 1.000, 0.997, 1.000, 0.998 and 1.000 respectively, while voltage mismatch angles (degree) were also gotten as 0.000, 0.003, 0.024, 0.060 and 0.086 respectively for the buses 1 to 5. From the cost benefit analysis carried out, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.965 was calculated, which showed that this project will be very beneficial to the co-operating banks. Scheduling the operations of the three generators using mathematical permutation and combination model showed that the total man-hour of the plant operators is reduced by 40%. Also, applying the greenhouse gases emissions cost model it was found that the carbon footprints i.e. greenhouse cost for the interconnected network is reduced by 40%.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks
AU  - Ernest Ozoemela Ezugwu
AU  - Damian Obioma Dike
AU  - Samuel Okechukwu Okozi
AU  - Matthew Olubiwe
AU  - Chiedozie Francis Paulinus-Nwammuo
Y1  - 2019/07/26
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11
T2  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JF  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
JO  - American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
SP  - 86
EP  - 94
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9200
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.epes.20190804.11
AB  - The design of a power pool scheme for demand-side management of co-located banks in Owerri metropolis, Nigeria has been carried out in this work. The paper addressed the problem of matching instantaneous load demand with appropriate generator capacities which results from dynamic nature of small and medium scale industrial load, such as co-located banks. It also aimed at proffering solutions to health and environmental problems associated with use of scattered single generators per firm. A model for interconnection of generators and loads in a pool structure was developed to form a ring network, analogous to a typical power system. One of the generators in the pool was chosen as the slack bus and the other generators and load buses were arranged in the power pool arrangement such that Newton-Raphson’s method could be applied in load flow analysis. With this modeling and application of appropriate schedule, a cooperative pooling model was developed such that only the exact generating capacities were deployed. The proposed model was simulated by paralleling three 200kVA generator units in a synchronized ring network to serve the entire five banks. Results from the load flow analysis showed that the per unit voltage magnitudes at buses 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 1.000, 0.997, 1.000, 0.998 and 1.000 respectively, while voltage mismatch angles (degree) were also gotten as 0.000, 0.003, 0.024, 0.060 and 0.086 respectively for the buses 1 to 5. From the cost benefit analysis carried out, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.965 was calculated, which showed that this project will be very beneficial to the co-operating banks. Scheduling the operations of the three generators using mathematical permutation and combination model showed that the total man-hour of the plant operators is reduced by 40%. Also, applying the greenhouse gases emissions cost model it was found that the carbon footprints i.e. greenhouse cost for the interconnected network is reduced by 40%.
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -

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