Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa

Tuyapeni Sharon Grace; Sheehama Jacob; Hermine Iita

doi:doi:10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12

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Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa

Tuyapeni Sharon Grace, Sheehama Jacob, Hermine Iita

Published in Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 27 February 2023 Accepted: 8 May 2023 Published: 13 September 2023

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Abstract

Malaria has become a threat in Namibia, more especially in Engela District since 2010, with cases being reported to increase and the number of deaths rising as well. With the rising of these cases, the economy was slowly decreasing due to purchasing of mosquito nets, repellents and others. Based on a malaria case investigation done in Namibia for 5 years, it is stated that the incidence fell from 53.6 to 3.6 cases per 1000 population, and then increased again to 47.3/1000. A preliminary search will be conducted in the databases such as: Google Scholar, the PubMed, and the Library. This scoping review was also conducted by using key words such as malaria, social factors, economic factors, effects and outpatients. Scoping review framework used in the study is by Joanna Briggs Institute that will be followed throughout the review process and the reporting of the main review will follow the PRISMA-ScR. The evaluation of the studies that have occurred some have indicated gaps in their research due to reasons unknown. The use of long lasting insecticide nets was indicated although not all were in accordance with the WHO requirements of malaria prevention. Lack of income, strong social support was also observed and indicated to be the major cause of Malaria in many areas of the world. This scoping review will assist in the mapping out of evidence on the socioeconomic factors of malaria effects on outpatients which can help out the Health Professional with the right approaches to be used in terms of elimination of malaria, educating the patients about malaria itself before prescribing them medications.

Published in	Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12
Page(s)	31-36
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Malaria, Transmission, Infection, Prevention

References

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[2]	Anthony R Mawson, Taylor and Francis, The pathogenesis of malaria, a new perspective, 2017.
[3]	Centers for Disease Control and prevention, Symptoms of malaria, derived from www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs/htmll, 2016.
[4]	Dufera, M., Dabsu, R. and Tiruneh, G. Assessment of malaria as a public health problem in and around Arjo Didhessa Sugar cane plantation area, western Ethiopia. BMC Public health 20, 655, derived from https://doi.org/10.1186/512889-020-08784-5, 2020
[5]	Danny A, Milner, Jr, Malaria pathogenesis, cold Spring Harbor Perspective in Medicine, taken from https://perspectivesinmedicine.org, 2018.
[6]	Fraenkel Warren, Association between climate variability and malaria epidemics, 2014, United States.
[7]	How to write a thesis paper for college, derived from www.grammarly.com/blog/thesis-paper, updated on 2020.
[8]	Pascalina Chanda, Marianda Castillo and Felix, Cost effectiveness analysis of the available strategies for diagnosing malaria in outpatients, 2019.
[9]	Peter Slarson, Kaneko, A., Lum, K, Knowledge and practices of malaria prevention with ITNs in post –and –near elimination areas of vanuate, Malar J11, P59 derived from https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-S1, 2019.
[10]	Research guides and General Reference and Research help, derived from https://l.bguides.usc.edu/writingguide, updated in 2021, 5: 45PM.
[11]	Thomas Scherr, David Wright, app for automated malaria rapid test result analysis and aggregation, malaria J20,237, citated from https://doi.org/10.1186/05, 2019.
[12]	www.worldhealthorganization, Malaria world health report, 2018.
[13]	www.healthline.com, Guide to research, University of Melbourne, 2019.
[14]	World Health Organization, “Interim position statement: the role of larviciding for malar-ia control in sub-Saharan Africa,” 2012, http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/larviciding_position_statement/en/.
[15]	World Health Organization, “Malaria Fact Sheet,” 2012, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/. View at: Google Scholar.

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APA Style

Tuyapeni Sharon Grace, Sheehama Jacob, Hermine Iita. (2023). Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa. Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, 8(2), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12

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ACS Style

Tuyapeni Sharon Grace; Sheehama Jacob; Hermine Iita. Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa. Biomed. Stat. Inform. 2023, 8(2), 31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12

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AMA Style

Tuyapeni Sharon Grace, Sheehama Jacob, Hermine Iita. Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa. Biomed Stat Inform. 2023;8(2):31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12

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@article{10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12,
  author = {Tuyapeni Sharon Grace and Sheehama Jacob and Hermine Iita},
  title = {Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa},
  journal = {Biomedical Statistics and Informatics},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bsi.20230802.12},
  abstract = {Malaria has become a threat in Namibia, more especially in Engela District since 2010, with cases being reported to increase and the number of deaths rising as well. With the rising of these cases, the economy was slowly decreasing due to purchasing of mosquito nets, repellents and others. Based on a malaria case investigation done in Namibia for 5 years, it is stated that the incidence fell from 53.6 to 3.6 cases per 1000 population, and then increased again to 47.3/1000. A preliminary search will be conducted in the databases such as: Google Scholar, the PubMed, and the Library. This scoping review was also conducted by using key words such as malaria, social factors, economic factors, effects and outpatients. Scoping review framework used in the study is by Joanna Briggs Institute that will be followed throughout the review process and the reporting of the main review will follow the PRISMA-ScR. The evaluation of the studies that have occurred some have indicated gaps in their research due to reasons unknown. The use of long lasting insecticide nets was indicated although not all were in accordance with the WHO requirements of malaria prevention. Lack of income, strong social support was also observed and indicated to be the major cause of Malaria in many areas of the world. This scoping review will assist in the mapping out of evidence on the socioeconomic factors of malaria effects on outpatients which can help out the Health Professional with the right approaches to be used in terms of elimination of malaria, educating the patients about malaria itself before prescribing them medications.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa
AU  - Tuyapeni Sharon Grace
AU  - Sheehama Jacob
AU  - Hermine Iita
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PY  - 2023
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T2  - Biomedical Statistics and Informatics
JF  - Biomedical Statistics and Informatics
JO  - Biomedical Statistics and Informatics
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8728
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12
AB  - Malaria has become a threat in Namibia, more especially in Engela District since 2010, with cases being reported to increase and the number of deaths rising as well. With the rising of these cases, the economy was slowly decreasing due to purchasing of mosquito nets, repellents and others. Based on a malaria case investigation done in Namibia for 5 years, it is stated that the incidence fell from 53.6 to 3.6 cases per 1000 population, and then increased again to 47.3/1000. A preliminary search will be conducted in the databases such as: Google Scholar, the PubMed, and the Library. This scoping review was also conducted by using key words such as malaria, social factors, economic factors, effects and outpatients. Scoping review framework used in the study is by Joanna Briggs Institute that will be followed throughout the review process and the reporting of the main review will follow the PRISMA-ScR. The evaluation of the studies that have occurred some have indicated gaps in their research due to reasons unknown. The use of long lasting insecticide nets was indicated although not all were in accordance with the WHO requirements of malaria prevention. Lack of income, strong social support was also observed and indicated to be the major cause of Malaria in many areas of the world. This scoping review will assist in the mapping out of evidence on the socioeconomic factors of malaria effects on outpatients which can help out the Health Professional with the right approaches to be used in terms of elimination of malaria, educating the patients about malaria itself before prescribing them medications.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Tuyapeni Sharon Grace

Department of Public Health, University of Namibia, Oshakati, Namibia
Sheehama Jacob

Human, Biological and Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Oshakati, Namibia
Hermine Iita

Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Namibia, Oshakati, Namibia

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APA Style

Tuyapeni Sharon Grace, Sheehama Jacob, Hermine Iita. (2023). Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa. Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, 8(2), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12

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ACS Style

Tuyapeni Sharon Grace; Sheehama Jacob; Hermine Iita. Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa. Biomed. Stat. Inform. 2023, 8(2), 31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12

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AMA Style

Tuyapeni Sharon Grace, Sheehama Jacob, Hermine Iita. Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa. Biomed Stat Inform. 2023;8(2):31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12

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@article{10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12,
  author = {Tuyapeni Sharon Grace and Sheehama Jacob and Hermine Iita},
  title = {Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa},
  journal = {Biomedical Statistics and Informatics},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bsi.20230802.12},
  abstract = {Malaria has become a threat in Namibia, more especially in Engela District since 2010, with cases being reported to increase and the number of deaths rising as well. With the rising of these cases, the economy was slowly decreasing due to purchasing of mosquito nets, repellents and others. Based on a malaria case investigation done in Namibia for 5 years, it is stated that the incidence fell from 53.6 to 3.6 cases per 1000 population, and then increased again to 47.3/1000. A preliminary search will be conducted in the databases such as: Google Scholar, the PubMed, and the Library. This scoping review was also conducted by using key words such as malaria, social factors, economic factors, effects and outpatients. Scoping review framework used in the study is by Joanna Briggs Institute that will be followed throughout the review process and the reporting of the main review will follow the PRISMA-ScR. The evaluation of the studies that have occurred some have indicated gaps in their research due to reasons unknown. The use of long lasting insecticide nets was indicated although not all were in accordance with the WHO requirements of malaria prevention. Lack of income, strong social support was also observed and indicated to be the major cause of Malaria in many areas of the world. This scoping review will assist in the mapping out of evidence on the socioeconomic factors of malaria effects on outpatients which can help out the Health Professional with the right approaches to be used in terms of elimination of malaria, educating the patients about malaria itself before prescribing them medications.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Malaria Infection Socio-Economic Factors in the Outpatients in District Hospitals, Sub-Saharan Africa
AU  - Tuyapeni Sharon Grace
AU  - Sheehama Jacob
AU  - Hermine Iita
Y1  - 2023/09/13
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12
T2  - Biomedical Statistics and Informatics
JF  - Biomedical Statistics and Informatics
JO  - Biomedical Statistics and Informatics
SP  - 31
EP  - 36
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8728
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20230802.12
AB  - Malaria has become a threat in Namibia, more especially in Engela District since 2010, with cases being reported to increase and the number of deaths rising as well. With the rising of these cases, the economy was slowly decreasing due to purchasing of mosquito nets, repellents and others. Based on a malaria case investigation done in Namibia for 5 years, it is stated that the incidence fell from 53.6 to 3.6 cases per 1000 population, and then increased again to 47.3/1000. A preliminary search will be conducted in the databases such as: Google Scholar, the PubMed, and the Library. This scoping review was also conducted by using key words such as malaria, social factors, economic factors, effects and outpatients. Scoping review framework used in the study is by Joanna Briggs Institute that will be followed throughout the review process and the reporting of the main review will follow the PRISMA-ScR. The evaluation of the studies that have occurred some have indicated gaps in their research due to reasons unknown. The use of long lasting insecticide nets was indicated although not all were in accordance with the WHO requirements of malaria prevention. Lack of income, strong social support was also observed and indicated to be the major cause of Malaria in many areas of the world. This scoping review will assist in the mapping out of evidence on the socioeconomic factors of malaria effects on outpatients which can help out the Health Professional with the right approaches to be used in terms of elimination of malaria, educating the patients about malaria itself before prescribing them medications.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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