Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan

Adnan Yousaf; Lookesh Kumar; Faheem Ahmed; Ajeet Singh Berjang; Rehana Shahnawaz

doi:doi:10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11

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Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan

Adnan Yousaf, Lookesh Kumar, Faheem Ahmed, Ajeet Singh Berjang, Rehana Shahnawaz

Published in Biomedical Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 4)

Received: 23 August 2023 Accepted: 5 September 2023 Published: 14 October 2023

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Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects animals with cloven feet. It is prevalent in Pakistan, resulting in significant economic losses. The study's goal was to determine the sero-prevalence of FMD in small ruminants (sheep and goats) maintained near large ruminants that had recently had an FMD epidemic. The research was carried out in ten districts of Pakistan that were carefully chosen. Between 2019 and 2021, 1760 sera were collected from small ruminants. Using the CHEKIT FMD-3ABC bo-ov kit, serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against FMD viral non-structural protein (3ABC) (IDEXX laboratories, USA). 2 test and multiple logistic regression techniques were used to examine the data. In small ruminants, the sero-prevalence of FMD was 27.22% (479/1760). The sero-prevalence of FMD in goats (288/1006; 28.63%) was considerably higher (P<0.001) than in sheep (191/754; 25.33%). After controlling for other variables, the risk of FMD in sheep was higher than in goats (CI: 0.4-0.78, p=0.001). Overall Male animals had a higher sero-positivity rate of 28.66% (70/244) and 34.53% (86/249) than female animals 23.72% (121/510) and 26.68% (202/757) in sheep and goats respectively. Female animals were more likely than male animals to test positive for FMD infection (P<0.003). District Chakwal (22.51%) had a substantially lower and District Rawalpindi had maximum (34.53%) sero-prevalence than the other districts (p<0.001). The data suggest that FMD is prevalent in small ruminants housed in close quarters with large ruminants, and that these animals might operate as FMD viral reservoirs and infection sources in vulnerable cattle.

Published in	Biomedical Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11
Page(s)	78-83
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Prevalence, Sheep, Goats, Punjab

References

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Adnan Yousaf, Lookesh Kumar, Faheem Ahmed, Ajeet Singh Berjang, Rehana Shahnawaz. (2023). Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan. Biomedical Sciences, 9(4), 78-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11

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Adnan Yousaf; Lookesh Kumar; Faheem Ahmed; Ajeet Singh Berjang; Rehana Shahnawaz. Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan. Biomed. Sci. 2023, 9(4), 78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11

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Adnan Yousaf, Lookesh Kumar, Faheem Ahmed, Ajeet Singh Berjang, Rehana Shahnawaz. Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan. Biomed Sci. 2023;9(4):78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11

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@article{10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11,
  author = {Adnan Yousaf and Lookesh Kumar and Faheem Ahmed and Ajeet Singh Berjang and Rehana Shahnawaz},
  title = {Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan},
  journal = {Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {78-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bs.20230904.11},
  abstract = {Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects animals with cloven feet. It is prevalent in Pakistan, resulting in significant economic losses. The study's goal was to determine the sero-prevalence of FMD in small ruminants (sheep and goats) maintained near large ruminants that had recently had an FMD epidemic. The research was carried out in ten districts of Pakistan that were carefully chosen. Between 2019 and 2021, 1760 sera were collected from small ruminants. Using the CHEKIT FMD-3ABC bo-ov kit, serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against FMD viral non-structural protein (3ABC) (IDEXX laboratories, USA). 2 test and multiple logistic regression techniques were used to examine the data. In small ruminants, the sero-prevalence of FMD was 27.22% (479/1760). The sero-prevalence of FMD in goats (288/1006; 28.63%) was considerably higher (P<0.001) than in sheep (191/754; 25.33%). After controlling for other variables, the risk of FMD in sheep was higher than in goats (CI: 0.4-0.78, p=0.001). Overall Male animals had a higher sero-positivity rate of 28.66% (70/244) and 34.53% (86/249) than female animals 23.72% (121/510) and 26.68% (202/757) in sheep and goats respectively. Female animals were more likely than male animals to test positive for FMD infection (P<0.003). District Chakwal (22.51%) had a substantially lower and District Rawalpindi had maximum (34.53%) sero-prevalence than the other districts (p<0.001). The data suggest that FMD is prevalent in small ruminants housed in close quarters with large ruminants, and that these animals might operate as FMD viral reservoirs and infection sources in vulnerable cattle.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan
AU  - Adnan Yousaf
AU  - Lookesh Kumar
AU  - Faheem Ahmed
AU  - Ajeet Singh Berjang
AU  - Rehana Shahnawaz
Y1  - 2023/10/14
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11
T2  - Biomedical Sciences
JF  - Biomedical Sciences
JO  - Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 78
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3932
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11
AB  - Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects animals with cloven feet. It is prevalent in Pakistan, resulting in significant economic losses. The study's goal was to determine the sero-prevalence of FMD in small ruminants (sheep and goats) maintained near large ruminants that had recently had an FMD epidemic. The research was carried out in ten districts of Pakistan that were carefully chosen. Between 2019 and 2021, 1760 sera were collected from small ruminants. Using the CHEKIT FMD-3ABC bo-ov kit, serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against FMD viral non-structural protein (3ABC) (IDEXX laboratories, USA). 2 test and multiple logistic regression techniques were used to examine the data. In small ruminants, the sero-prevalence of FMD was 27.22% (479/1760). The sero-prevalence of FMD in goats (288/1006; 28.63%) was considerably higher (P<0.001) than in sheep (191/754; 25.33%). After controlling for other variables, the risk of FMD in sheep was higher than in goats (CI: 0.4-0.78, p=0.001). Overall Male animals had a higher sero-positivity rate of 28.66% (70/244) and 34.53% (86/249) than female animals 23.72% (121/510) and 26.68% (202/757) in sheep and goats respectively. Female animals were more likely than male animals to test positive for FMD infection (P<0.003). District Chakwal (22.51%) had a substantially lower and District Rawalpindi had maximum (34.53%) sero-prevalence than the other districts (p<0.001). The data suggest that FMD is prevalent in small ruminants housed in close quarters with large ruminants, and that these animals might operate as FMD viral reservoirs and infection sources in vulnerable cattle.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Adnan Yousaf

Faculty of Animals Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Lookesh Kumar

Faculty of Animals Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Faheem Ahmed

Faculty of Animals Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Ajeet Singh Berjang

Faculty of Animals Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Rehana Shahnawaz

Faculty of Animals Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan

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Adnan Yousaf, Lookesh Kumar, Faheem Ahmed, Ajeet Singh Berjang, Rehana Shahnawaz. (2023). Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan. Biomedical Sciences, 9(4), 78-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11

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Adnan Yousaf; Lookesh Kumar; Faheem Ahmed; Ajeet Singh Berjang; Rehana Shahnawaz. Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan. Biomed. Sci. 2023, 9(4), 78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11

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AMA Style

Adnan Yousaf, Lookesh Kumar, Faheem Ahmed, Ajeet Singh Berjang, Rehana Shahnawaz. Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan. Biomed Sci. 2023;9(4):78-83. doi: 10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11

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@article{10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11,
  author = {Adnan Yousaf and Lookesh Kumar and Faheem Ahmed and Ajeet Singh Berjang and Rehana Shahnawaz},
  title = {Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan},
  journal = {Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {78-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bs.20230904.11},
  abstract = {Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects animals with cloven feet. It is prevalent in Pakistan, resulting in significant economic losses. The study's goal was to determine the sero-prevalence of FMD in small ruminants (sheep and goats) maintained near large ruminants that had recently had an FMD epidemic. The research was carried out in ten districts of Pakistan that were carefully chosen. Between 2019 and 2021, 1760 sera were collected from small ruminants. Using the CHEKIT FMD-3ABC bo-ov kit, serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against FMD viral non-structural protein (3ABC) (IDEXX laboratories, USA). 2 test and multiple logistic regression techniques were used to examine the data. In small ruminants, the sero-prevalence of FMD was 27.22% (479/1760). The sero-prevalence of FMD in goats (288/1006; 28.63%) was considerably higher (P<0.001) than in sheep (191/754; 25.33%). After controlling for other variables, the risk of FMD in sheep was higher than in goats (CI: 0.4-0.78, p=0.001). Overall Male animals had a higher sero-positivity rate of 28.66% (70/244) and 34.53% (86/249) than female animals 23.72% (121/510) and 26.68% (202/757) in sheep and goats respectively. Female animals were more likely than male animals to test positive for FMD infection (P<0.003). District Chakwal (22.51%) had a substantially lower and District Rawalpindi had maximum (34.53%) sero-prevalence than the other districts (p<0.001). The data suggest that FMD is prevalent in small ruminants housed in close quarters with large ruminants, and that these animals might operate as FMD viral reservoirs and infection sources in vulnerable cattle.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Goat and Sheeps in Various Districts of Punjab-Pakistan
AU  - Adnan Yousaf
AU  - Lookesh Kumar
AU  - Faheem Ahmed
AU  - Ajeet Singh Berjang
AU  - Rehana Shahnawaz
Y1  - 2023/10/14
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11
T2  - Biomedical Sciences
JF  - Biomedical Sciences
JO  - Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 78
EP  - 83
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3932
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bs.20230904.11
AB  - Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects animals with cloven feet. It is prevalent in Pakistan, resulting in significant economic losses. The study's goal was to determine the sero-prevalence of FMD in small ruminants (sheep and goats) maintained near large ruminants that had recently had an FMD epidemic. The research was carried out in ten districts of Pakistan that were carefully chosen. Between 2019 and 2021, 1760 sera were collected from small ruminants. Using the CHEKIT FMD-3ABC bo-ov kit, serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against FMD viral non-structural protein (3ABC) (IDEXX laboratories, USA). 2 test and multiple logistic regression techniques were used to examine the data. In small ruminants, the sero-prevalence of FMD was 27.22% (479/1760). The sero-prevalence of FMD in goats (288/1006; 28.63%) was considerably higher (P<0.001) than in sheep (191/754; 25.33%). After controlling for other variables, the risk of FMD in sheep was higher than in goats (CI: 0.4-0.78, p=0.001). Overall Male animals had a higher sero-positivity rate of 28.66% (70/244) and 34.53% (86/249) than female animals 23.72% (121/510) and 26.68% (202/757) in sheep and goats respectively. Female animals were more likely than male animals to test positive for FMD infection (P<0.003). District Chakwal (22.51%) had a substantially lower and District Rawalpindi had maximum (34.53%) sero-prevalence than the other districts (p<0.001). The data suggest that FMD is prevalent in small ruminants housed in close quarters with large ruminants, and that these animals might operate as FMD viral reservoirs and infection sources in vulnerable cattle.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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