Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties

Ouma Calvince Odhiambo; Idah Orowe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12

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Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties

Ouma Calvince Odhiambo^*

, Idah Orowe

Published in American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics (Volume 15, Issue 2)

Received: 23 December 2025 Accepted: 19 January 2026 Published: 18 March 2026

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Abstract

This paper has examined the factors explaining prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Embakasi sub-counties of Nairobi through logistic regression analysis. Patient records at the chest clinic of Mama Lucy Kibaki Teaching and Referral Hospital, which is the primary health facility of the Embakasi area, were used to gather the data. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and normally attacks the lungs but may also propagate to other organs as a significant public health problem of the world. Although the infection has been managed through early diagnosis and treatment in developed countries, tuberculosis (TB) is still very widespread in most areas with low income levels such as sub-Saharan Africa. Kenya is in the 13th position in the list of 22 countries that have contributed approximately 80 percent of the world tuberculosis (TB) burden with the majority of the infections falling within the 15-44 years age group. The research was conducted to determine the major socio-demographic and environmental factors that have a relationship with the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Embaksi. The logistic regression analysis showed that alcoholism and congestion in the household were the most significant predictors of tuberculosis (TB) infection. The five sub-counties had similar prevalence rates and the likelihood of being infected with tuberculosis (TB) in Embaksi was, on the whole, some 4.66 times greater than the national one. This evidence highlights the necessity of specific interventions that should be delivered to mitigate behavioral and environmental risk factors in order to reduce tuberculosis (TB) transmission in urban low-income environments.

Published in	American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics (Volume 15, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12
Page(s)	39-46
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tuberculosis, Logistic Regression, Embakasi, Nairobi, Kenya, Public Health

References

[1]	Mungai, Brenda, et al. ”Accuracy of computer-aided chest X-ray in community-based tuberculosis screening: Lessons from the 2016 Kenya National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey.” PLOS global public health 2.11 (2022): e0001272.
[2]	M. Enos, J. Sitienei, J. Ongaang Ë ao, B. Mungai, M. Kamene, J. Wambugu, H. Kipruto, V. Manduku, J. Mburu, D. Nyaboke, Ë et al., -Kenya tuberculosis prevalence survey 2016: challenges and opportunities of ending tb in kenya,- PloS one, vol. 13, no. 12, p. e0209098, 2018.
[3]	Njiruh, Florence Muthoni. Effective Hand Washing among Pupils in Selected Public Primary Schools in Embakasi Sub-county, Nairobi City County, Kenya. Diss. School of Health Sciences, Kenyatta University, 2023.
[4]	P. M. Cassidy, K. Hedberg, A. Saulson, E. McNelly, and K. L. Winthrop, -Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease prevalence and risk factors: a changing epidemiology,-Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 49, no. 12, pp. e124-e129, 2009.
[5]	Mutabari, David. Time to Sputum Conversion Among Patients With Drug-resistant Tuberculosis in Kenya: Retrospective Cohort Study. Diss. University of Nairobi, 2024.
[6]	Abdullahi, Leila H., et al. ”Gendered gaps to tuberculosis prevention and care in Kenya: a political economy analysis study.” BMJ open 14.4 (2024): e077989.
[7]	Silva, Sachin, et al. “Economic impact of tuberculosis mortality in 120 countries and the cost of not achieving the Sustainable Development Goals tuberculosis targets: a full-income analysis.” The Lancet Global Health 9.10 (2021): e1372-e1379.
[8]	Arsyad, M. Hatadi, et al. ”Knowing and understanding the tuberculosis (Tb) disease of the lung (literature review).” International Journal of Natural Science Studies and Development (IJOSS) 1.2 (2024): 56-85.
[9]	Mancuso, Giuseppe, et al. ”Tackling drug-resistant tuberculosis: new challenges from the old pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis.” Microorganisms 11.9 (2023): 2277.
[10]	W. N. Epstein, -The health equity mandate,- Journal of Law and the Biosciences, vol. 9, no. 1, p. lsab030, 2022.

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APA Style

Odhiambo, O. C., Orowe, I. (2026). Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 15(2), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12

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ACS Style

Odhiambo, O. C.; Orowe, I. Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties. Am. J. Theor. Appl. Stat. 2026, 15(2), 39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12

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AMA Style

Odhiambo OC, Orowe I. Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties. Am J Theor Appl Stat. 2026;15(2):39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12,
  author = {Ouma Calvince Odhiambo and Idah Orowe},
  title = {Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties
},
  journal = {American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajtas.20261689.12},
  abstract = {This paper has examined the factors explaining prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Embakasi sub-counties of Nairobi through logistic regression analysis. Patient records at the chest clinic of Mama Lucy Kibaki Teaching and Referral Hospital, which is the primary health facility of the Embakasi area, were used to gather the data. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and normally attacks the lungs but may also propagate to other organs as a significant public health problem of the world. Although the infection has been managed through early diagnosis and treatment in developed countries, tuberculosis (TB) is still very widespread in most areas with low income levels such as sub-Saharan Africa. Kenya is in the 13th position in the list of 22 countries that have contributed approximately 80 percent of the world tuberculosis (TB) burden with the majority of the infections falling within the 15-44 years age group. The research was conducted to determine the major socio-demographic and environmental factors that have a relationship with the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Embaksi. The logistic regression analysis showed that alcoholism and congestion in the household were the most significant predictors of tuberculosis (TB) infection. The five sub-counties had similar prevalence rates and the likelihood of being infected with tuberculosis (TB) in Embaksi was, on the whole, some 4.66 times greater than the national one. This evidence highlights the necessity of specific interventions that should be delivered to mitigate behavioral and environmental risk factors in order to reduce tuberculosis (TB) transmission in urban low-income environments.
},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties

AU  - Ouma Calvince Odhiambo
AU  - Idah Orowe
Y1  - 2026/03/18
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12
T2  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JF  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JO  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9006
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12
AB  - This paper has examined the factors explaining prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Embakasi sub-counties of Nairobi through logistic regression analysis. Patient records at the chest clinic of Mama Lucy Kibaki Teaching and Referral Hospital, which is the primary health facility of the Embakasi area, were used to gather the data. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and normally attacks the lungs but may also propagate to other organs as a significant public health problem of the world. Although the infection has been managed through early diagnosis and treatment in developed countries, tuberculosis (TB) is still very widespread in most areas with low income levels such as sub-Saharan Africa. Kenya is in the 13th position in the list of 22 countries that have contributed approximately 80 percent of the world tuberculosis (TB) burden with the majority of the infections falling within the 15-44 years age group. The research was conducted to determine the major socio-demographic and environmental factors that have a relationship with the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Embaksi. The logistic regression analysis showed that alcoholism and congestion in the household were the most significant predictors of tuberculosis (TB) infection. The five sub-counties had similar prevalence rates and the likelihood of being infected with tuberculosis (TB) in Embaksi was, on the whole, some 4.66 times greater than the national one. This evidence highlights the necessity of specific interventions that should be delivered to mitigate behavioral and environmental risk factors in order to reduce tuberculosis (TB) transmission in urban low-income environments.

VL  - 15
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Ouma Calvince Odhiambo

Department of Mathematics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-3565-9613
Idah Orowe

Department of Mathematics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-1269

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APA Style

Odhiambo, O. C., Orowe, I. (2026). Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 15(2), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12

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ACS Style

Odhiambo, O. C.; Orowe, I. Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties. Am. J. Theor. Appl. Stat. 2026, 15(2), 39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12

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AMA Style

Odhiambo OC, Orowe I. Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties. Am J Theor Appl Stat. 2026;15(2):39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12,
  author = {Ouma Calvince Odhiambo and Idah Orowe},
  title = {Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties
},
  journal = {American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics},
  volume = {15},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajtas.20261689.12},
  abstract = {This paper has examined the factors explaining prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Embakasi sub-counties of Nairobi through logistic regression analysis. Patient records at the chest clinic of Mama Lucy Kibaki Teaching and Referral Hospital, which is the primary health facility of the Embakasi area, were used to gather the data. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and normally attacks the lungs but may also propagate to other organs as a significant public health problem of the world. Although the infection has been managed through early diagnosis and treatment in developed countries, tuberculosis (TB) is still very widespread in most areas with low income levels such as sub-Saharan Africa. Kenya is in the 13th position in the list of 22 countries that have contributed approximately 80 percent of the world tuberculosis (TB) burden with the majority of the infections falling within the 15-44 years age group. The research was conducted to determine the major socio-demographic and environmental factors that have a relationship with the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Embaksi. The logistic regression analysis showed that alcoholism and congestion in the household were the most significant predictors of tuberculosis (TB) infection. The five sub-counties had similar prevalence rates and the likelihood of being infected with tuberculosis (TB) in Embaksi was, on the whole, some 4.66 times greater than the national one. This evidence highlights the necessity of specific interventions that should be delivered to mitigate behavioral and environmental risk factors in order to reduce tuberculosis (TB) transmission in urban low-income environments.
},
 year = {2026}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Prevalence in Nairobi Embakasi Sub-Counties

AU  - Ouma Calvince Odhiambo
AU  - Idah Orowe
Y1  - 2026/03/18
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12
T2  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JF  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
JO  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9006
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20261689.12
AB  - This paper has examined the factors explaining prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Embakasi sub-counties of Nairobi through logistic regression analysis. Patient records at the chest clinic of Mama Lucy Kibaki Teaching and Referral Hospital, which is the primary health facility of the Embakasi area, were used to gather the data. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and normally attacks the lungs but may also propagate to other organs as a significant public health problem of the world. Although the infection has been managed through early diagnosis and treatment in developed countries, tuberculosis (TB) is still very widespread in most areas with low income levels such as sub-Saharan Africa. Kenya is in the 13th position in the list of 22 countries that have contributed approximately 80 percent of the world tuberculosis (TB) burden with the majority of the infections falling within the 15-44 years age group. The research was conducted to determine the major socio-demographic and environmental factors that have a relationship with the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Embaksi. The logistic regression analysis showed that alcoholism and congestion in the household were the most significant predictors of tuberculosis (TB) infection. The five sub-counties had similar prevalence rates and the likelihood of being infected with tuberculosis (TB) in Embaksi was, on the whole, some 4.66 times greater than the national one. This evidence highlights the necessity of specific interventions that should be delivered to mitigate behavioral and environmental risk factors in order to reduce tuberculosis (TB) transmission in urban low-income environments.

VL  - 15
IS  - 2
ER  -

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