Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation

Souleymane Sambou; Ibrahima Sarr; Nehou Diouf; Coumba Faye; Abdou Khadre Cisse; Boubacar Sidibe; Aly Cisse; Keba Diongue; El Hadji Tombe Bodian; Diene Diegane Thiare; Atanasse Coly

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation

Souleymane Sambou

, Ibrahima Sarr

, Nehou Diouf

, Coumba Faye

, Abdou Khadre Cisse

, Boubacar Sidibe

, Aly Cisse

, Keba Diongue

, El Hadji Tombe Bodian^*

, Diene Diegane Thiare

, Atanasse Coly

Published in American Journal of Physical Chemistry (Volume 14, Issue 4)

Received: 17 October 2025 Accepted: 6 November 2025 Published: 17 December 2025

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Abstract

Surfactants are substances widely used in agricultural sprays to improve the solubility and mobility of pesticides across crops. This study investigates the micellar properties of two ionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TMATFB) with respect to their ability to solubilize the herbicide diuron in aqueous solution. Conductometric measurements were performed in aqueous media over a temperature range of 298 to 331 K to analyze the micellization behavior and evaluate the efficiency of solubilization. From the conductivity data the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and degree of ionization were obtained at various temperatures. Concentration and temperature effect on the CMC have been studied and the different thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) values of surfactants decreased with increasing temperature, indicating enhanced micelle formation under thermal influence. Additionally, the solubility of diuron varied significantly across different surfactant micelles concentration, suggesting that specific interactions occur between the surfactant head groups and the pesticide. The standard Gibbs free energy (∆G°) for the diuron–surfactant mixtures was attained to be negative throughout the study suggesting spontaneous micellization process. The enthalpy (∆H°) and entropy (∆S°) were also evaluated, offering additional insight into the thermodynamic driving forces involved. The obtained thermodynamic parameters showed that |TΔS°| is greater than |ΔH°|, suggesting that the micellization process is controlled by entropy.

Published in	American Journal of Physical Chemistry (Volume 14, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12
Page(s)	100-109
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Diuron, Herbicide, Surfactants, Solubilisation, Water

References

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Sambou, S., Sarr, I., Diouf, N., Faye, C., Cisse, A. K., et al. (2025). Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation. American Journal of Physical Chemistry, 14(4), 100-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12

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ACS Style

Sambou, S.; Sarr, I.; Diouf, N.; Faye, C.; Cisse, A. K., et al. Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation. Am. J. Phys. Chem. 2025, 14(4), 100-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12

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Sambou S, Sarr I, Diouf N, Faye C, Cisse AK, et al. Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation. Am J Phys Chem. 2025;14(4):100-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12,
  author = {Souleymane Sambou and Ibrahima Sarr and Nehou Diouf and Coumba Faye and Abdou Khadre Cisse and Boubacar Sidibe and Aly Cisse and Keba Diongue and El Hadji Tombe Bodian and Diene Diegane Thiare and Atanasse Coly},
  title = {Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation},
  journal = {American Journal of Physical Chemistry},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {100-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpc.20251404.12},
  abstract = {Surfactants are substances widely used in agricultural sprays to improve the solubility and mobility of pesticides across crops. This study investigates the micellar properties of two ionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TMATFB) with respect to their ability to solubilize the herbicide diuron in aqueous solution. Conductometric measurements were performed in aqueous media over a temperature range of 298 to 331 K to analyze the micellization behavior and evaluate the efficiency of solubilization. From the conductivity data the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and degree of ionization were obtained at various temperatures. Concentration and temperature effect on the CMC have been studied and the different thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) values of surfactants decreased with increasing temperature, indicating enhanced micelle formation under thermal influence. Additionally, the solubility of diuron varied significantly across different surfactant micelles concentration, suggesting that specific interactions occur between the surfactant head groups and the pesticide. The standard Gibbs free energy (∆G°) for the diuron–surfactant mixtures was attained to be negative throughout the study suggesting spontaneous micellization process. The enthalpy (∆H°) and entropy (∆S°) were also evaluated, offering additional insight into the thermodynamic driving forces involved. The obtained thermodynamic parameters showed that |TΔS°| is greater than |ΔH°|, suggesting that the micellization process is controlled by entropy.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation
AU  - Souleymane Sambou
AU  - Ibrahima Sarr
AU  - Nehou Diouf
AU  - Coumba Faye
AU  - Abdou Khadre Cisse
AU  - Boubacar Sidibe
AU  - Aly Cisse
AU  - Keba Diongue
AU  - El Hadji Tombe Bodian
AU  - Diene Diegane Thiare
AU  - Atanasse Coly
Y1  - 2025/12/17
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12
T2  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
SP  - 100
EP  - 109
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2449
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12
AB  - Surfactants are substances widely used in agricultural sprays to improve the solubility and mobility of pesticides across crops. This study investigates the micellar properties of two ionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TMATFB) with respect to their ability to solubilize the herbicide diuron in aqueous solution. Conductometric measurements were performed in aqueous media over a temperature range of 298 to 331 K to analyze the micellization behavior and evaluate the efficiency of solubilization. From the conductivity data the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and degree of ionization were obtained at various temperatures. Concentration and temperature effect on the CMC have been studied and the different thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) values of surfactants decreased with increasing temperature, indicating enhanced micelle formation under thermal influence. Additionally, the solubility of diuron varied significantly across different surfactant micelles concentration, suggesting that specific interactions occur between the surfactant head groups and the pesticide. The standard Gibbs free energy (∆G°) for the diuron–surfactant mixtures was attained to be negative throughout the study suggesting spontaneous micellization process. The enthalpy (∆H°) and entropy (∆S°) were also evaluated, offering additional insight into the thermodynamic driving forces involved. The obtained thermodynamic parameters showed that |TΔS°| is greater than |ΔH°|, suggesting that the micellization process is controlled by entropy.
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Souleymane Sambou

Photochemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

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http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1665-0904
Ibrahima Sarr

Photochemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1850-1451
Nehou Diouf

Photochemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-0879-8510
Coumba Faye

Photochemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-1285-4770
Abdou Khadre Cisse

Photochemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-6252-4566
Boubacar Sidibe

Photochemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-9152-2706
Aly Cisse

Photochemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-0862-3568
Keba Diongue

Photochemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9828-1377
El Hadji Tombe Bodian

Photochemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0566-3658
Diene Diegane Thiare

Photochemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-8752
Atanasse Coly

Photochemistry and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-6548

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Sambou, S., Sarr, I., Diouf, N., Faye, C., Cisse, A. K., et al. (2025). Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation. American Journal of Physical Chemistry, 14(4), 100-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12

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Sambou, S.; Sarr, I.; Diouf, N.; Faye, C.; Cisse, A. K., et al. Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation. Am. J. Phys. Chem. 2025, 14(4), 100-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12

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AMA Style

Sambou S, Sarr I, Diouf N, Faye C, Cisse AK, et al. Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation. Am J Phys Chem. 2025;14(4):100-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12,
  author = {Souleymane Sambou and Ibrahima Sarr and Nehou Diouf and Coumba Faye and Abdou Khadre Cisse and Boubacar Sidibe and Aly Cisse and Keba Diongue and El Hadji Tombe Bodian and Diene Diegane Thiare and Atanasse Coly},
  title = {Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation},
  journal = {American Journal of Physical Chemistry},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {100-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpc.20251404.12},
  abstract = {Surfactants are substances widely used in agricultural sprays to improve the solubility and mobility of pesticides across crops. This study investigates the micellar properties of two ionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TMATFB) with respect to their ability to solubilize the herbicide diuron in aqueous solution. Conductometric measurements were performed in aqueous media over a temperature range of 298 to 331 K to analyze the micellization behavior and evaluate the efficiency of solubilization. From the conductivity data the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and degree of ionization were obtained at various temperatures. Concentration and temperature effect on the CMC have been studied and the different thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) values of surfactants decreased with increasing temperature, indicating enhanced micelle formation under thermal influence. Additionally, the solubility of diuron varied significantly across different surfactant micelles concentration, suggesting that specific interactions occur between the surfactant head groups and the pesticide. The standard Gibbs free energy (∆G°) for the diuron–surfactant mixtures was attained to be negative throughout the study suggesting spontaneous micellization process. The enthalpy (∆H°) and entropy (∆S°) were also evaluated, offering additional insight into the thermodynamic driving forces involved. The obtained thermodynamic parameters showed that |TΔS°| is greater than |ΔH°|, suggesting that the micellization process is controlled by entropy.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Enhanced Solubility of Herbicide Diuron in Aqueous Solution by Micellisation
AU  - Souleymane Sambou
AU  - Ibrahima Sarr
AU  - Nehou Diouf
AU  - Coumba Faye
AU  - Abdou Khadre Cisse
AU  - Boubacar Sidibe
AU  - Aly Cisse
AU  - Keba Diongue
AU  - El Hadji Tombe Bodian
AU  - Diene Diegane Thiare
AU  - Atanasse Coly
Y1  - 2025/12/17
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12
T2  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
SP  - 100
EP  - 109
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2449
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20251404.12
AB  - Surfactants are substances widely used in agricultural sprays to improve the solubility and mobility of pesticides across crops. This study investigates the micellar properties of two ionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TMATFB) with respect to their ability to solubilize the herbicide diuron in aqueous solution. Conductometric measurements were performed in aqueous media over a temperature range of 298 to 331 K to analyze the micellization behavior and evaluate the efficiency of solubilization. From the conductivity data the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and degree of ionization were obtained at various temperatures. Concentration and temperature effect on the CMC have been studied and the different thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) values of surfactants decreased with increasing temperature, indicating enhanced micelle formation under thermal influence. Additionally, the solubility of diuron varied significantly across different surfactant micelles concentration, suggesting that specific interactions occur between the surfactant head groups and the pesticide. The standard Gibbs free energy (∆G°) for the diuron–surfactant mixtures was attained to be negative throughout the study suggesting spontaneous micellization process. The enthalpy (∆H°) and entropy (∆S°) were also evaluated, offering additional insight into the thermodynamic driving forces involved. The obtained thermodynamic parameters showed that |TΔS°| is greater than |ΔH°|, suggesting that the micellization process is controlled by entropy.
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
ER  -

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