Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Spray Deposited Multi-doped (Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe and Ni) Compositionally Complex ZnO Thin Films

Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan; Aungkan Sen; Mohammad Khalid Hasan; Mohammad Abdul Matin

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Spray Deposited Multi-doped (Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe and Ni) Compositionally Complex ZnO Thin Films

Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan, Aungkan Sen, Mohammad Khalid Hasan, Mohammad Abdul Matin

Published in American Journal of Nanosciences (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 21 December 2020 Accepted: 31 December 2020 Published: 28 January 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Configurational disorder due to high level multi element doping has gained huge attention from research community because of its possibility of unique phase stability as well as unusual functional properties. Based on this context extensive researches performed in recent decades to establish a new horizon of materials i.e. high entropy alloy and ceramics. Of-late, compositionally complex ceramics (CCCs) has been released as an extended form of high entropy ceramics (HECs) where compositional space has been broadened by consideration of both non-equimolecular compositions and relatively low entropy regions. This report aims to stabilize ZnO wurtzite phase at room temperature replacing the Zn-site with five metallic elements i.e. Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe, Ni in equimolecular ratio to impose configurational disorder in the ZnO lattice. Therefore, (BaxSrxMnxFexNix) Zn1-5xO (where x=0, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03; the films are denoted hereby as ZO, 5DZO, 10DZO and 15DZO respectively) thin films were deposited by low cost spray pyrolysis technique at 200°C. These high-level multi-element doping results in significant effects on the structural, morphological, optical properties of pure ZnO thin film. X-ray diffraction study demonstrated ZnO wurtzite phase stabilization for each deposited film. SEM micrographs revealed a noteworthy transition from original nanorod to well distributed homogeneous fine particles morphology. UV-vis spectroscopy disclosed a sharp rise in transparency (~98%) and band gap (4eV) doped films. At the end, correlations of structural and morphological parameters with tuned functional properties were demonstrated.

Published in	American Journal of Nanosciences (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12
Page(s)	6-14
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

ZnO, Compositionally Complex Ceramics, Microstructure, Transmittance, Band Gap

References

[1]	Srinivasulu, T., Saritha, K., & Reddy, K. R. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of Fe- doped ZnO thin films deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis. Modern Electronic Materials, 3 (2), 76-85.
[2]	Guo, X. L., Choi, J. H., Tabata, H., & Kawai, T. (2001). Fabrication and optoelectronic properties of a transparent ZnO homostructural light-emitting diode. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 40 (3A), L177.
[3]	Drici, A., Djeteli, G., Tchangbedji, G., Derouiche, H., Jondo, K., Napo, K.,. & Gbagba, M. (2004). Structured ZnO thin films grown by chemical bath deposition for photovoltaic applications. physica status solidi (a), 201 (7), 1528-1536.
[4]	Chu, J. B., Huang, S. M., Zhang, D. W., Bian, Z. Q., Li, X. D., Sun, Z., & Yin, X. J. (2009). Nanostructured ZnO thin films by chemical bath deposition inábasic aqueous ammonia solutions for photovoltaic applications. Applied Physics A, 95 (3), 849-855.
[5]	Jiao, S., Lu, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, B., Yao, B., Zhang, J., & Fan, X. (2007). Optical and electrical properties of highly nitrogen-doped ZnO thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Journal of Applied Physics, 102 (11), 113509.
[6]	Mozammel, M., Ilkhechi, N. N., Tanouraghaj, E. F., & Rezaei, E. (2019). Evaluation of the effect of high concentration of dopant (Cr, Sn) on structural, optical, and wettability properties of ZnO thin films. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 55 (4), 999-1007.
[7]	Wright, A. J., Wang, Q., Huang, C., Nieto, A., Chen, R., & Luo, J. (2020). From High- Entropy Ceramics to Compositionally-Complex Ceramics: A Case Study of Fluorite Oxides. Journal of the European Ceramic Society.
[8]	Wright, A. J., & Luo, J. (2020). A step forward from high-entropy ceramics to compositionally complex ceramics: a new perspective. Journal of Materials Science, 1-16.
[9]	Rost, C. M., Sachet, E., Borman, T., Moballegh, A., Dickey, E. C., Hou, D. & Maria, J. P. (2015). Entropy-stabilized oxides. Nature communications, 6, 8485.
[10]	Djenadic, R., Sarkar, A., Clemens, O., Loho, C., Botros, M., Chakravadhanula, V. S., & Hahn, H. (2017). Multicomponent equiatomic rare earth oxides. Materials Research Letters, 5 (2), 102-109.
[11]	Zhang, Y., Zuo, T. T., Tang, Z., Gao, M. C., Dahmen, K. A., Liaw, P. K., & Lu, Z. P. (2014). Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys. Progress in Materials Science, 61, 1-93.
[12]	Jien-Wei, Y. E. H. (2006). Recent progress in high entropy alloys. Ann. Chim. Sci. Mat, 31 (6), 633-648.
[13]	Sen, A., Hasan, M. K., Munna, A. H., Roy, D. J., Al Hassan, M. R., & Gulshan, F. (2020). Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of compositionally complex bismuth ferrite (BiFeO 3). Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 1-15.
[14]	Miracle, D. B., & Senkov, O. N. (2017). A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts. Acta Materialia, 122, 448-511.
[15]	Yeh, J. W. (2013). Alloy design strategies and future trends in high-entropy alloys. Jom, 65 (12), 1759-1771.
[16]	Rajalakshmi, R., & Angappane, S. (2013). Synthesis, characterization and photoresponse study of undoped and transition metal (Co, Ni, Mn) doped ZnO thin films. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 178 (16), 1068-1075.
[17]	Soitah, T. N., Chunhui, Y., & Liang, S. (2010). Effect of Fe doping on structural and electrical properties of nanocrystalline ZnO thin films prepared by sol–gel dip coating technique. Science of Advanced Materials, 2 (4), 534-538.
[18]	Filipovic, L., Selberherr, S., Mutinati, G. C., Brunet, E., Steinhauer, S., Köck, A., & Schrank, F. (2014). Methods of simulating thin film deposition using spray pyrolysis techniques. Microelectronic Engineering, 117, 57-66.
[19]	Etape, E. P., Foba-Tendo, J., Ngolui, L. J., Namondo, B. V., Yollande, F. C., & Nguimezong, M. B. N. (2018). Structural Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Undoped and Ti-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Modified Oxalate Route. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2018.
[20]	Kumar, S., Asokan, K., Singh, R. K., Chatterjee, S., Kanjilal, D., & Ghosh, A. K. (2014). Investigations on structural and optical properties of ZnO and ZnO: Co nanoparticles under dense electronic excitations. RSC Advances, 4 (107), 62123-62131.
[21]	Mahmood, K., & Park, S. B. (2013). Atmospheric pressure based electrostatic spray deposition of transparent conductive ZnO and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films: effects of Al doping and annealing treatment. Electronic Materials Letters, 9 (2), 161-170.
[22]	Amirhaghi, S., Craciun, V., Craciun, D., Elders, J., & Boyd, I. W. (1994). Low temperature growth of highly transparent c-axis oriented ZnO thin films by pulsed laser deposition. Microelectronic engineering, 25 (2-4), 321-326.
[23]	Lee, Y. C., Hu, S. Y., Water, W., Tiong, K. K., Feng, Z. C., Chen, Y. T., & Cheng, M. H. (2009). Rapid thermal annealing effects on the structural and optical properties of ZnO films deposited on Si substrates. Journal of Luminescence, 129 (2), 148-152.
[24]	V. P. Deshpande, S. D. Sartale, A. N. Vyas, A. U. Ubale, Temperature Dependent Properties of Spray Deposited Nanostructured ZnO Thin Films, International Journal of Materials and Chemistry, Vol. 7 No. 2, 2017, pp. 36-46
[25]	Sen, A., Niloy, K. H., Islam, Z., Al Hassan, M. R., Zaman, T., Abdul, M. M., & Gulshan, F. (2020). Influence of Ba and Mo co-doping on the structural, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of BiFeO 3 ceramics. Materials Research Express.
[26]	Reddy, N. N. K., Akkera, H. S., Sekhar, M. C., & Park, S. H. (2017). Zr-doped SnO 2 thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique for barrier layers in solar cells. Applied Physics A, 123 (12), 761.
[27]	Rajpure, K. Y., Lokhande, C. D. and Bhosale, C. H., 1999. A comparative study of the properties of spray-deposited Sb2Se3 thin films prepared from aqueous and nonaqueous media. Materials research bulletin, 34 (7), pp. 1079-1087.
[28]	Kumar, P. R., Kartha, C. S., Vijayakumar, K. P., Abe, T., Kashiwaba, Y., Singh, F. and Avasthi, D. K., 2004. On the properties of indium doped ZnO thin films. Semiconductor science and technology, 20 (2), p. 120.
[29]	Sun, R. D., Nakajima, A., Fujishima, A., Watanabe, T. and Hashimoto, K., 2001. Photoinduced surface wettability conversion of ZnO and TiO2 thin films. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 105 (10), pp. 1984-1990.
[30]	Rahdar, A. (2013). Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol as capping agent on ZnS nanoparticles: structural and optical characterization. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 3 (1), 10.
[31]	Swanepoel, R. (1983). Determination of the thickness and optical constants of amorphous silicon. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, 16 (12), 1214.
[32]	Zeng, H., Duan, G., Li, Y., Yang, S., Xu, X. and Cai, W., 2010. Blue Luminescence of ZnO nanoparticles based on non-equilibrium processes: defect origins and emission controls. Advanced Functional Materials, 20 (4), pp. 561-572.
[33]	Sernelius, B. E., Berggren, K. F., Jin, Z. C., Hamberg, I. and Granqvist, C. G., 1988. Band- gap tailoring of ZnO by means of heavy Al doping. Physical Review B, 37 (17), p. 10244.
[34]	Moss, T. S. (1954). The interpretation of the properties of indium antimonide. Proceedings of the Physical Society. Section B, 67 (10), p775.
[35]	Mondal, S. B. S. R., Bhattacharyya, S. R., & Mitra, P. (2013). Effect of Al doping on microstructure and optical band gap of ZnO thin film synthesized by successive ion layer adsorption and reaction. Pramana, 80 (2), p315-326.
[36]	Gadallah, A. S. and El-Nahass, M. M., 2013. Structural, optical constants and photoluminescence of ZnO thin films grown by sol-gel spin coating. Advances in Condensed Matter Physics, 2013.
[37]	Tepehan, F., & Özer, N. (1993). A simple method for the determination of the optical constants, n and k of cadmium sulfide films from transmittance measurements. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 30 (4), 353-365.
[38]	Ashour, A., El-Kadry, N., & Mahmoud, S. A. (1995). On the electrical and optical properties of CdS films thermally deposited by a modified source. Thin solid films, 269 (1-2), 117-120.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan, Aungkan Sen, Mohammad Khalid Hasan, Mohammad Abdul Matin. (2021). Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Spray Deposited Multi-doped (Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe and Ni) Compositionally Complex ZnO Thin Films. American Journal of Nanosciences, 7(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan; Aungkan Sen; Mohammad Khalid Hasan; Mohammad Abdul Matin. Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Spray Deposited Multi-doped (Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe and Ni) Compositionally Complex ZnO Thin Films. Am. J. Nanosci. 2021, 7(1), 6-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan, Aungkan Sen, Mohammad Khalid Hasan, Mohammad Abdul Matin. Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Spray Deposited Multi-doped (Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe and Ni) Compositionally Complex ZnO Thin Films. Am J Nanosci. 2021;7(1):6-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12,
  author = {Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan and Aungkan Sen and Mohammad Khalid Hasan and Mohammad Abdul Matin},
  title = {Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Spray Deposited Multi-doped (Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe and Ni) Compositionally Complex ZnO Thin Films},
  journal = {American Journal of Nanosciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-14},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajn.20210701.12},
  abstract = {Configurational disorder due to high level multi element doping has gained huge attention from research community because of its possibility of unique phase stability as well as unusual functional properties. Based on this context extensive researches performed in recent decades to establish a new horizon of materials i.e. high entropy alloy and ceramics. Of-late, compositionally complex ceramics (CCCs) has been released as an extended form of high entropy ceramics (HECs) where compositional space has been broadened by consideration of both non-equimolecular compositions and relatively low entropy regions. This report aims to stabilize ZnO wurtzite phase at room temperature replacing the Zn-site with five metallic elements i.e. Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe, Ni in equimolecular ratio to impose configurational disorder in the ZnO lattice. Therefore, (BaxSrxMnxFexNix) Zn1-5xO (where x=0, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03; the films are denoted hereby as ZO, 5DZO, 10DZO and 15DZO respectively) thin films were deposited by low cost spray pyrolysis technique at 200°C. These high-level multi-element doping results in significant effects on the structural, morphological, optical properties of pure ZnO thin film. X-ray diffraction study demonstrated ZnO wurtzite phase stabilization for each deposited film. SEM micrographs revealed a noteworthy transition from original nanorod to well distributed homogeneous fine particles morphology. UV-vis spectroscopy disclosed a sharp rise in transparency (~98%) and band gap (4eV) doped films. At the end, correlations of structural and morphological parameters with tuned functional properties were demonstrated.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Spray Deposited Multi-doped (Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe and Ni) Compositionally Complex ZnO Thin Films
AU - Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan
AU - Aungkan Sen
AU - Mohammad Khalid Hasan
AU - Mohammad Abdul Matin
Y1 - 2021/01/28
PY - 2021
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12
T2 - American Journal of Nanosciences
JF - American Journal of Nanosciences
JO - American Journal of Nanosciences
SP - 6
EP - 14
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-4858
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12
AB - Configurational disorder due to high level multi element doping has gained huge attention from research community because of its possibility of unique phase stability as well as unusual functional properties. Based on this context extensive researches performed in recent decades to establish a new horizon of materials i.e. high entropy alloy and ceramics. Of-late, compositionally complex ceramics (CCCs) has been released as an extended form of high entropy ceramics (HECs) where compositional space has been broadened by consideration of both non-equimolecular compositions and relatively low entropy regions. This report aims to stabilize ZnO wurtzite phase at room temperature replacing the Zn-site with five metallic elements i.e. Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe, Ni in equimolecular ratio to impose configurational disorder in the ZnO lattice. Therefore, (BaxSrxMnxFexNix) Zn1-5xO (where x=0, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03; the films are denoted hereby as ZO, 5DZO, 10DZO and 15DZO respectively) thin films were deposited by low cost spray pyrolysis technique at 200°C. These high-level multi-element doping results in significant effects on the structural, morphological, optical properties of pure ZnO thin film. X-ray diffraction study demonstrated ZnO wurtzite phase stabilization for each deposited film. SEM micrographs revealed a noteworthy transition from original nanorod to well distributed homogeneous fine particles morphology. UV-vis spectroscopy disclosed a sharp rise in transparency (~98%) and band gap (4eV) doped films. At the end, correlations of structural and morphological parameters with tuned functional properties were demonstrated.
VL - 7
IS - 1
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan

Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Aungkan Sen

Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Mohammad Khalid Hasan

Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Mohammad Abdul Matin

Department of Glass & Ceramic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan, Aungkan Sen, Mohammad Khalid Hasan, Mohammad Abdul Matin. (2021). Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Spray Deposited Multi-doped (Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe and Ni) Compositionally Complex ZnO Thin Films. American Journal of Nanosciences, 7(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan; Aungkan Sen; Mohammad Khalid Hasan; Mohammad Abdul Matin. Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Spray Deposited Multi-doped (Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe and Ni) Compositionally Complex ZnO Thin Films. Am. J. Nanosci. 2021, 7(1), 6-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan, Aungkan Sen, Mohammad Khalid Hasan, Mohammad Abdul Matin. Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Spray Deposited Multi-doped (Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe and Ni) Compositionally Complex ZnO Thin Films. Am J Nanosci. 2021;7(1):6-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12,
  author = {Mohammad Rahat Al Hassan and Aungkan Sen and Mohammad Khalid Hasan and Mohammad Abdul Matin},
  title = {Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Spray Deposited Multi-doped (Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe and Ni) Compositionally Complex ZnO Thin Films},
  journal = {American Journal of Nanosciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-14},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20210701.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajn.20210701.12},
  abstract = {Configurational disorder due to high level multi element doping has gained huge attention from research community because of its possibility of unique phase stability as well as unusual functional properties. Based on this context extensive researches performed in recent decades to establish a new horizon of materials i.e. high entropy alloy and ceramics. Of-late, compositionally complex ceramics (CCCs) has been released as an extended form of high entropy ceramics (HECs) where compositional space has been broadened by consideration of both non-equimolecular compositions and relatively low entropy regions. This report aims to stabilize ZnO wurtzite phase at room temperature replacing the Zn-site with five metallic elements i.e. Ba, Sr, Mn, Fe, Ni in equimolecular ratio to impose configurational disorder in the ZnO lattice. Therefore, (BaxSrxMnxFexNix) Zn1-5xO (where x=0, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03; the films are denoted hereby as ZO, 5DZO, 10DZO and 15DZO respectively) thin films were deposited by low cost spray pyrolysis technique at 200°C. These high-level multi-element doping results in significant effects on the structural, morphological, optical properties of pure ZnO thin film. X-ray diffraction study demonstrated ZnO wurtzite phase stabilization for each deposited film. SEM micrographs revealed a noteworthy transition from original nanorod to well distributed homogeneous fine particles morphology. UV-vis spectroscopy disclosed a sharp rise in transparency (~98%) and band gap (4eV) doped films. At the end, correlations of structural and morphological parameters with tuned functional properties were demonstrated.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download