A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process

Andre Ullmer; Tobias Kleffel; Zhanyu Zhai; Tobias Mattner; Dietmar Drummer

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12

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A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process

Andre Ullmer, Tobias Kleffel, Zhanyu Zhai, Tobias Mattner, Dietmar Drummer

Published in American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 7 January 2019 Accepted: 19 February 2019 Published: 14 March 2019

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Abstract

As a new and innovative processing method for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, the In-Mould-Impregnation process (IMI) adopts carbon fibers as a heating element by electrical conduction. During heating of the dry carbon fibers in the production process, temperatures up to over 500°C can occur. However, the surface properties of carbon fibers and sizing may change under such conditions and thus affect the resulting composite. The present study is a practical approach to validate the suitability of sized carbon fibers for the IMI. The influence of a thermal treatment according to the parameters of the IMI-Process on carbon fiber-thermoplastic matrix interfacial adhesion was investigated by means of micromechanical and optical test methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the thermal treatment of carbon fibers causes a reduction of tensile strength of single fibers. It does not show an influence on the micromechanical breaking behavior in a PA 6 composite but the surface tension of carbon fibers changes. The change in surface tension can affect the wettability of the carbon fiber with a thermoplastic matrix.

Published in	American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12
Page(s)	11-19
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

In-Mould-Impregnation, Interfacial Shear Strength, Single Fiber Fragmentation Test, Thermal Treatment, Fiber-Matrix Adhesion

References

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APA Style

Andre Ullmer, Tobias Kleffel, Zhanyu Zhai, Tobias Mattner, Dietmar Drummer. (2019). A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process. American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 3(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12

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ACS Style

Andre Ullmer; Tobias Kleffel; Zhanyu Zhai; Tobias Mattner; Dietmar Drummer. A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process. Am. J. Mech. Mater. Eng. 2019, 3(1), 11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12

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AMA Style

Andre Ullmer, Tobias Kleffel, Zhanyu Zhai, Tobias Mattner, Dietmar Drummer. A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process. Am J Mech Mater Eng. 2019;3(1):11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12,
  author = {Andre Ullmer and Tobias Kleffel and Zhanyu Zhai and Tobias Mattner and Dietmar Drummer},
  title = {A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmme.20190301.12},
  abstract = {As a new and innovative processing method for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, the In-Mould-Impregnation process (IMI) adopts carbon fibers as a heating element by electrical conduction. During heating of the dry carbon fibers in the production process, temperatures up to over 500°C can occur. However, the surface properties of carbon fibers and sizing may change under such conditions and thus affect the resulting composite. The present study is a practical approach to validate the suitability of sized carbon fibers for the IMI. The influence of a thermal treatment according to the parameters of the IMI-Process on carbon fiber-thermoplastic matrix interfacial adhesion was investigated by means of micromechanical and optical test methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the thermal treatment of carbon fibers causes a reduction of tensile strength of single fibers. It does not show an influence on the micromechanical breaking behavior in a PA 6 composite but the surface tension of carbon fibers changes. The change in surface tension can affect the wettability of the carbon fiber with a thermoplastic matrix.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process
AU  - Andre Ullmer
AU  - Tobias Kleffel
AU  - Zhanyu Zhai
AU  - Tobias Mattner
AU  - Dietmar Drummer
Y1  - 2019/03/14
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12
T2  - American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
SP  - 11
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9652
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12
AB  - As a new and innovative processing method for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, the In-Mould-Impregnation process (IMI) adopts carbon fibers as a heating element by electrical conduction. During heating of the dry carbon fibers in the production process, temperatures up to over 500°C can occur. However, the surface properties of carbon fibers and sizing may change under such conditions and thus affect the resulting composite. The present study is a practical approach to validate the suitability of sized carbon fibers for the IMI. The influence of a thermal treatment according to the parameters of the IMI-Process on carbon fiber-thermoplastic matrix interfacial adhesion was investigated by means of micromechanical and optical test methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the thermal treatment of carbon fibers causes a reduction of tensile strength of single fibers. It does not show an influence on the micromechanical breaking behavior in a PA 6 composite but the surface tension of carbon fibers changes. The change in surface tension can affect the wettability of the carbon fiber with a thermoplastic matrix.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Andre Ullmer

Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
Tobias Kleffel

Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
Zhanyu Zhai

Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
Tobias Mattner

Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
Dietmar Drummer

Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany

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APA Style

Andre Ullmer, Tobias Kleffel, Zhanyu Zhai, Tobias Mattner, Dietmar Drummer. (2019). A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process. American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 3(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12

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ACS Style

Andre Ullmer; Tobias Kleffel; Zhanyu Zhai; Tobias Mattner; Dietmar Drummer. A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process. Am. J. Mech. Mater. Eng. 2019, 3(1), 11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12

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AMA Style

Andre Ullmer, Tobias Kleffel, Zhanyu Zhai, Tobias Mattner, Dietmar Drummer. A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process. Am J Mech Mater Eng. 2019;3(1):11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12,
  author = {Andre Ullmer and Tobias Kleffel and Zhanyu Zhai and Tobias Mattner and Dietmar Drummer},
  title = {A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmme.20190301.12},
  abstract = {As a new and innovative processing method for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, the In-Mould-Impregnation process (IMI) adopts carbon fibers as a heating element by electrical conduction. During heating of the dry carbon fibers in the production process, temperatures up to over 500°C can occur. However, the surface properties of carbon fibers and sizing may change under such conditions and thus affect the resulting composite. The present study is a practical approach to validate the suitability of sized carbon fibers for the IMI. The influence of a thermal treatment according to the parameters of the IMI-Process on carbon fiber-thermoplastic matrix interfacial adhesion was investigated by means of micromechanical and optical test methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the thermal treatment of carbon fibers causes a reduction of tensile strength of single fibers. It does not show an influence on the micromechanical breaking behavior in a PA 6 composite but the surface tension of carbon fibers changes. The change in surface tension can affect the wettability of the carbon fiber with a thermoplastic matrix.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Practical Approach for Validation of Aptitude of Sized Carbon Fibers for the In-Mould -Impregnation Process
AU  - Andre Ullmer
AU  - Tobias Kleffel
AU  - Zhanyu Zhai
AU  - Tobias Mattner
AU  - Dietmar Drummer
Y1  - 2019/03/14
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12
T2  - American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
SP  - 11
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9652
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmme.20190301.12
AB  - As a new and innovative processing method for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, the In-Mould-Impregnation process (IMI) adopts carbon fibers as a heating element by electrical conduction. During heating of the dry carbon fibers in the production process, temperatures up to over 500°C can occur. However, the surface properties of carbon fibers and sizing may change under such conditions and thus affect the resulting composite. The present study is a practical approach to validate the suitability of sized carbon fibers for the IMI. The influence of a thermal treatment according to the parameters of the IMI-Process on carbon fiber-thermoplastic matrix interfacial adhesion was investigated by means of micromechanical and optical test methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the thermal treatment of carbon fibers causes a reduction of tensile strength of single fibers. It does not show an influence on the micromechanical breaking behavior in a PA 6 composite but the surface tension of carbon fibers changes. The change in surface tension can affect the wettability of the carbon fiber with a thermoplastic matrix.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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