Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria

Nkiruka Charity Eboagu; Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe; Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu; Kate Ekwy Ochiagha; Ebele Joy Morah

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14

Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria

Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu, Kate Ekwy Ochiagha, Ebele Joy Morah

Published in American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 20 February 2023 Accepted: 13 March 2023 Published: 11 April 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The study seeks to evaluate the quality of borehole water around the Nnewi industrial area of Anambra State, Nigeria, and to determine the extent of its deterioration due to waste from nearby industries. Samples were collected from 16 different borehole sampling sites around 8 industries for twelve consecutive months (May 2019 to April 2020) and analysed for various physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), etc., using standard methods. The results were compared with World Health Organisation (WHO) standards. In both seasons, data acquired indicate COD ranges of 4.50 – 20.50 mg/L (mean value 9.63±5.28 mg/L), temperature 27.00 – 30.00°C (mean value 28.59±0.99°C), pH 5.60–7.99 (mean value 6.97±0.47), DO 2.00 – 6.60 mg/L (mean3.99±0.76 mg/L), BOD 4.00 – 9.60 mg/L (mean 6.54±1.33mg/L). All the physicochemical parameters examined, with exception of BOD and COD, are within the WHO standard limits. Pearson’s correlation showed that physicochemical parameters were strongly and moderately correlated with each other at either p < 0.01 or < 0.05. The BOD and COD results revealed that the borehole water was found to be contaminated, unfit for drinking, and likely health hazards to users. It is, therefore, recommended that water from these study areas will be properly treated before human consumption, to rid it of contaminants.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14
Page(s)	23-33
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Borehole, Industrial Contamination, Physicochemical Characteristics, Water Quality

References

[1]	World Health Organization (WHO) (2006). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, First Addendum to 3rd ed. Recommendations, Geneva, pp 105-110. http://www.who.int/water-sanitation-health/dwq/gdwq0506.pdf. Accessed June 2014.
[2]	World Health Organization (WHO) (2011). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 4th ed. Acceptability aspects: taste odour and appearance. Geneva Switzerland, pp 1-541.
[3]	Rajaram, T. and Ashutosh, D. (2008). Water Pollution by Industrial Effluents in India: Discharge Scenarios and Case for Participatory Ecosystem Specific Local Regulation. Environ 40 (1): 56-69. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2007.06.002
[4]	Aralu, C. C., Okoye, P. A. C., Abugu, H. O. and Eze, V. C. (2022). Pollution and water quality index of boreholes within inlined waste dumpsite in Nnewi, Nigeria. Discover Water 2:14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-022-00023-9
[5]	Onwughara, N. I., Ajiwe, V. I. E. and Nnabuenyi, H. O. (2013). Physicochemical Studies of Water from Selected Boreholes in Umuahia North Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. Int J Pure Appl. Biosci 1 (3): 34-44.
[6]	Rahmanian, N., Ali, S. H., Homayoonfard, M., Ali, N. J., Rehan, M., Sadef, Y. and Nizami A. S. (2015). Analysis of physicochemical parameters to evaluate the drinking water quality in the State of Perak, Malaysia J. Chem. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/716125
[7]	Meinhardt, P. L. (2006). Recognizing waterborne disease and the health effects of water contamination: A review of the challenges facing the medical community in the United States. J Water Health 4 (S1): 27-34. https:doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.0041
[8]	Ukah, B. U., Igwe, O. and Ameh, P. (2018). The impact of industrial waste water on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of groundwater in Ajao-Estate Lagos, Nigeria. Environ Monit and Assess 190: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6600-z
[9]	Ukaogo, P. O., Loai, A., Anthony, O., Ojah E. O. and Nwaogwugwu, J. C. (2021). Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in borehole waters around automobile workshops in Southeastern Nigeria. Groundwater for Sustainable Development 14: 1-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2021.100615
[10]	Sumant, K. N. C., Ghosh, R. P., Singh, M. M., Sonkusare, S. S. and Sanjay, M. (2015). Assessment of water quality of lakes for drinking and irrigation purposes in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh, India. IJERA 5: 42-49.
[11]	Mohsin, M., Safdar, S., Asghar, F. and Jamal, F. (2013). Assessment of drinking water quality and its impact on residents health in Bahawalpur City. Int J HumanitSocSci 3 (15): 114-128.
[12]	World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 4th ed. incorporating the first Addendum Geneva, pp 1-631.
[13]	National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2007). Legal notice on publication of the details of the breakdown of the national and state provisional totals 2006 census. National Bureau of Statistics official gazette (FGP.71/52007) 2500 (OL24) pp 1-10.
[14]	Obeta, M. C. (2015). Industrial water supply in Nnewi Urban Area of Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria. J Geo Environ Earth SciInt 2 (1): 12-23.
[15]	American Public Health Association (APHA) (2005). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water, 21th ed. APHA, AWWA, AEF Washington, DC, USA.
[16]	Akpoveta, O. V., Okoh, B. E. and Osakwe, S. A. (2011). Quality Assessment of Borehole Water used in the Vicinities of Benin, Edo State and Agbor, Delta State of Nigeria. Cur Res Chem 3: 62-69.
[17]	Saleem, A., Dandigi M. N. and Vijay, K. K. (2012). Correlation and regression model for physicochemical quality of groundwater in the South Indian City of Gulbarga. Afr J Environ SciTechnol 6 (9): 353-364.
[18]	Edori, O. S., and Nna, P. J. (2018). Determination of physicochemical parameters of effluents at discharge points into the New Calabar River along Rumuolumeni axis, Niger Delta, Nigeria. J. of Environ. Anal. Toxico 8 (3): 132-157 DOI: 10.4172/2161- 0525.1000585.
[19]	Chukwu, G. U. (2008). Water Quality Assessment of Borehole in Umuahia South Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. The Pacific JSciTechnol 9 (2): 592-598.
[20]	Eboagu, N. C., Ajiwe, V. E. and Odidika, C. C. (2018). Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Utilized as Potable Water. Int J Environ SciTechnol 16 (7): 3605-3614 DOI 10.1007/s13762-018-1931-4.
[21]	Edwin, N., Ibiam, U. A., Igwenyi, I. O., Ude, V. C. and Eko, S. N. (2015). Evaluation of physicochemical properties, mineral and heavy metal content of drinking water samples in two communities in South-East, Nigeria: a public health implication. J. Environ. Earth Sci 5 (9): 89-94.
[22]	Akpabio, J. J. and Ekpo, F. E. (2013). Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Quality Assessment of Borehole Water in Different Residential Areas of Uyo Metropolis. A Case Study of G. R. A and Low Income Residential Areas. Int J Sci Res 4 (2): 37-44.
[23]	Tiwari, A. K., Singh, A. K, and Singh MP (2015). Hydrogeochemical analysis and evaluation of surface water quality of Pratapgarh District. Appl Water Sci Uttar Pradesh 3 (2): 16-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0313-z.
[24]	Dhanakumar, S., Murthy, K. R. and Mohanra, R. (2015). Phosphorous fractionation in surface sediments of the Cauvery Delta region, Southeast India. Environmental Management of River Basin, pp. 477-489.
[25]	Shigut, D. A., Liknew, G., Irge, D. D. and Ahmad, T. (2017). Assessment of physicochemical quality of borehole and spring water sources supplied to Robe Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Appl. Water Sci. 7: 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0502-4
[26]	Ezeribe, A. I., Oshieke, K. C. and Jauro, A. (2012). Physico-chemical properties of well water samples from some villages in Nigeria with cases of stained and mottle teeth. Sci World J 7 (1): 1-3.
[27]	Aremu, M. O., Olaofe, O., Ikokoh, P. P. and Yakubu, M. M. (2011). Physicochemical characteristics of stream, well and borehole water sources in Eggon, Nasarawa State, Nigeria J ChemSocNig 36 (1): 131–136.
[28]	Okeke, P. N. and Adinna, E. N. (2013). Water quality study of Otamiri River in Owerri, Nigeria. Uni J Environ Res Technol 3: 641-649.
[29]	Behailu, T. W., Badessa, T. S. and Tewodros, B. A. (2017). Analysis of physical and chemical parameters in ground water used for drinking around Konso area, Southwestern Ethiopia, J. Anal Bioanal Tech. 8 (5): 1-7.
[30]	Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) (2017). Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality, SON Governing Council, NIS 554:
[31]	Eid, B. I. (2017). Physi. cochemical properties and the concentration of anions, major and trace elements in groundwater, treated drinking water and bottled drinking water in Najran Area, KSA. Appl Water Sci 7: 401-410.
[32]	Sharma, N. and Walia, Y. K. (2017). Water quality investigation by physicochemical parameters of Satluj River (Himachal Pradesh, India). Curr World Environ 12: 174-180.
[33]	Obi, C. N. and Okocha, C. O. (2007). Microbiological and Physicochemical Analysis of Selected Borehole Water in World Bank Housing Estate UmuahiaAbia State, Nigeria. J Engr. ApplSci 2 (5): 920-929.
[34]	World Health Organization (WHO) (1993). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Revision of the 1984 Guideline. Final Task Group Meeting, Geneva, pp 21-25.
[35]	Subramanian, M. S. (2010). Analysis of Major Constituents in Water Environmental Chemistry and Analysis, Indian Institute of Technology Madras pp. 1-18.
[36]	Edori, O. S., Kieri, B. S. I. and Festus, C. (2019). Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. AmericanJ Environ SciEngr 3 (2): 39-46.
[37]	Popoola, L. T., Yusuff, A. S. and Aderibigbe, T. A. (2019). Assessment of natural groundwater physicochemical properties in major industrial and residential locations of Lagos Metropolis. Appl. Water Sci. 9, 191. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-1073-y
[38]	Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) (2015). Nigerian Industrial Standard, Standard Organisation of Nigeria Governing Council. NIS 554. ICS 13.060. 20: 15-19.
[39]	United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2015). Human Health Risk Assessment; risk-based concentrationtable http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/rb-concentration table/Generic Tables/index.htm.
[40]	Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2001). Risk assessment guideline for superfund volume 1 human health evaluation manual part A. OERR. Washington, D. C. OERR.92006303894.
[41]	Dagim, A. S., Geremew, L., Dejene, D. I. and Tanweer, A. (2017). Assessment of physico-chemical quality of borehole and spring water sources supplied to Robe Town, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Appl Water Sci 7: 155-164. DOI 10.1007/s13201-016-0502-4
[42]	Girl, S. and Singh, A. K. (2015). Human Health Risk and Ecological Risk Assessment of Metals in Fishes, Shrimps and Sediments from a Tropical River. Int J Environ SciTechnol 12: 2349-2362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0600-5
[43]	Aralu, C. C., Okoye, P. A. C., Ezugwu, J. A. and Eboagu, N. C. (2021). Assessment of water collected from boreholes within unsanitary landfill in Anambra State. Euro J ApplSci 9 (6): 405-412.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu, Kate Ekwy Ochiagha, Ebele Joy Morah. (2023). Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 7(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Nkiruka Charity Eboagu; Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe; Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu; Kate Ekwy Ochiagha; Ebele Joy Morah. Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2023, 7(1), 23-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu, Kate Ekwy Ochiagha, Ebele Joy Morah. Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2023;7(1):23-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14,
  author = {Nkiruka Charity Eboagu and Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe and Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu and Kate Ekwy Ochiagha and Ebele Joy Morah},
  title = {Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20230701.14},
  abstract = {The study seeks to evaluate the quality of borehole water around the Nnewi industrial area of Anambra State, Nigeria, and to determine the extent of its deterioration due to waste from nearby industries. Samples were collected from 16 different borehole sampling sites around 8 industries for twelve consecutive months (May 2019 to April 2020) and analysed for various physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), etc., using standard methods. The results were compared with World Health Organisation (WHO) standards. In both seasons, data acquired indicate COD ranges of 4.50 – 20.50 mg/L (mean value 9.63±5.28 mg/L), temperature 27.00 – 30.00°C (mean value 28.59±0.99°C), pH 5.60–7.99 (mean value 6.97±0.47), DO 2.00 – 6.60 mg/L (mean3.99±0.76 mg/L), BOD 4.00 – 9.60 mg/L (mean 6.54±1.33mg/L). All the physicochemical parameters examined, with exception of BOD and COD, are within the WHO standard limits. Pearson’s correlation showed that physicochemical parameters were strongly and moderately correlated with each other at either p < 0.01 or < 0.05. The BOD and COD results revealed that the borehole water was found to be contaminated, unfit for drinking, and likely health hazards to users. It is, therefore, recommended that water from these study areas will be properly treated before human consumption, to rid it of contaminants.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria
AU  - Nkiruka Charity Eboagu
AU  - Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe
AU  - Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu
AU  - Kate Ekwy Ochiagha
AU  - Ebele Joy Morah
Y1  - 2023/04/11
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 23
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14
AB  - The study seeks to evaluate the quality of borehole water around the Nnewi industrial area of Anambra State, Nigeria, and to determine the extent of its deterioration due to waste from nearby industries. Samples were collected from 16 different borehole sampling sites around 8 industries for twelve consecutive months (May 2019 to April 2020) and analysed for various physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), etc., using standard methods. The results were compared with World Health Organisation (WHO) standards. In both seasons, data acquired indicate COD ranges of 4.50 – 20.50 mg/L (mean value 9.63±5.28 mg/L), temperature 27.00 – 30.00°C (mean value 28.59±0.99°C), pH 5.60–7.99 (mean value 6.97±0.47), DO 2.00 – 6.60 mg/L (mean3.99±0.76 mg/L), BOD 4.00 – 9.60 mg/L (mean 6.54±1.33mg/L). All the physicochemical parameters examined, with exception of BOD and COD, are within the WHO standard limits. Pearson’s correlation showed that physicochemical parameters were strongly and moderately correlated with each other at either p < 0.01 or < 0.05. The BOD and COD results revealed that the borehole water was found to be contaminated, unfit for drinking, and likely health hazards to users. It is, therefore, recommended that water from these study areas will be properly treated before human consumption, to rid it of contaminants.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Nkiruka Charity Eboagu

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Kate Ekwy Ochiagha

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Ebele Joy Morah

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu, Kate Ekwy Ochiagha, Ebele Joy Morah. (2023). Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 7(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Nkiruka Charity Eboagu; Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe; Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu; Kate Ekwy Ochiagha; Ebele Joy Morah. Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2023, 7(1), 23-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Nkiruka Charity Eboagu, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe, Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu, Kate Ekwy Ochiagha, Ebele Joy Morah. Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2023;7(1):23-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14,
  author = {Nkiruka Charity Eboagu and Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe and Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu and Kate Ekwy Ochiagha and Ebele Joy Morah},
  title = {Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {23-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20230701.14},
  abstract = {The study seeks to evaluate the quality of borehole water around the Nnewi industrial area of Anambra State, Nigeria, and to determine the extent of its deterioration due to waste from nearby industries. Samples were collected from 16 different borehole sampling sites around 8 industries for twelve consecutive months (May 2019 to April 2020) and analysed for various physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), etc., using standard methods. The results were compared with World Health Organisation (WHO) standards. In both seasons, data acquired indicate COD ranges of 4.50 – 20.50 mg/L (mean value 9.63±5.28 mg/L), temperature 27.00 – 30.00°C (mean value 28.59±0.99°C), pH 5.60–7.99 (mean value 6.97±0.47), DO 2.00 – 6.60 mg/L (mean3.99±0.76 mg/L), BOD 4.00 – 9.60 mg/L (mean 6.54±1.33mg/L). All the physicochemical parameters examined, with exception of BOD and COD, are within the WHO standard limits. Pearson’s correlation showed that physicochemical parameters were strongly and moderately correlated with each other at either p < 0.01 or < 0.05. The BOD and COD results revealed that the borehole water was found to be contaminated, unfit for drinking, and likely health hazards to users. It is, therefore, recommended that water from these study areas will be properly treated before human consumption, to rid it of contaminants.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Water from Selected Boreholes Around Nnewi Industrial Area, Anambra State, Nigeria
AU  - Nkiruka Charity Eboagu
AU  - Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe
AU  - Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu
AU  - Kate Ekwy Ochiagha
AU  - Ebele Joy Morah
Y1  - 2023/04/11
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 23
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20230701.14
AB  - The study seeks to evaluate the quality of borehole water around the Nnewi industrial area of Anambra State, Nigeria, and to determine the extent of its deterioration due to waste from nearby industries. Samples were collected from 16 different borehole sampling sites around 8 industries for twelve consecutive months (May 2019 to April 2020) and analysed for various physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), etc., using standard methods. The results were compared with World Health Organisation (WHO) standards. In both seasons, data acquired indicate COD ranges of 4.50 – 20.50 mg/L (mean value 9.63±5.28 mg/L), temperature 27.00 – 30.00°C (mean value 28.59±0.99°C), pH 5.60–7.99 (mean value 6.97±0.47), DO 2.00 – 6.60 mg/L (mean3.99±0.76 mg/L), BOD 4.00 – 9.60 mg/L (mean 6.54±1.33mg/L). All the physicochemical parameters examined, with exception of BOD and COD, are within the WHO standard limits. Pearson’s correlation showed that physicochemical parameters were strongly and moderately correlated with each other at either p < 0.01 or < 0.05. The BOD and COD results revealed that the borehole water was found to be contaminated, unfit for drinking, and likely health hazards to users. It is, therefore, recommended that water from these study areas will be properly treated before human consumption, to rid it of contaminants.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download