Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria

Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard; Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21

| Peer-Reviewed

Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria

Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard, Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel

Published in American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 8 February 2022 Accepted: 11 March 2022 Published: 29 March 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Ionizing radiations emanating from human natural environment could have serious negative effects at certain exposure level. Therefore the evaluation of radioisotopes of natural origin becomes very important in order to achieve specific objective to quantifying the radiological parameters and their respective health implications. Hence the estimation of Activity Utlization Index (AUI) and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) has been done using gamma spectroscopy method. The results showed that the mean activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K from which the AUI and ELCR were computed were 22.19, 9.70 and 543.80 Bqkg^-1respectively. Activity Utilization Index ranged from 0.24 to 0.55 and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ranged from 0.07 to 0.17 x 10-3. The average value of AUI was 0.38 whereas that of ELCR was found to be 0.12×10^-3 which implied that 0.38 < 2, 0.17 < 0.29, standard permissible limits. Mean values of Dose, Igamma, annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), H_in, H_ex and annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) were 38.95nGh^-1, 0.61, 0.05, 0.27, 0.21 and 279.87µSvy^-1 respectively. In conclusion, the empirical values of activity utilization index showed good air quality. Also, the computed values of the excess lifetime cancer risks indicated very low chances of potential carcinogenicity effect for a specific exposure to ionizing radiation in this environment.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21
Page(s)	71-79
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Estimation, Gamma Ray Spectrometry, Health Indices, Risk

References

[1]	UNSCEAR, (2000). Sources and effects of ionizing radiation, Report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation to the General Assembly, United Nations, New York, USA.
[2]	Ojovan, M. I., and Lee, W. E. (2014). Naturally Occurring Radionuclides. An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation 2: 31-39 doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-099392-8. 00004-8.
[3]	United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic radiation (1988). Sources and effects ofionizing radiation, UNSCEAR Report, New York, 1993.
[4]	Singha, S., Rania, A., and Mahajan, R. K. (2005). ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰Kanalysis in soil samples from some areas of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, India using gamma ray spectrometry. Radiation Measurements 39: 431-439.
[5]	Anekwe, U. L. and Avwiri, G. O. (2016). Determination of Radiological Health Hazard Indices in Selected Crude Oil Spilled Environment in Rivers State, Nigeria. American Journal Of Scientific And Industrial Research. Science Huβ, AJSIR ISSN: 2153-649X, Volume 7, (3) 50. 59.
[6]	Maden, N., Akaryali, E., and Gücer, M. A. (2020). Excess lifetime cancer risk due to natural radioactivity in Gümüşhane Province, NE Turkey Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 29: 347-362.
[7]	Taapopi, E. E., Faanu, A., and Dampare, S. B. (2017). Assessment of Background Radiation In Playgrounds of Selected Basic Schools in the GA East Municipal District, Accra, Ghana. Int. Sci. Technol. J 10: 133-147.
[8]	Anekwe, U. L and Uzoekwe, S. A (2018). Assessment of Environmental Radioactivity in the FederalUniversity Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Research in Physical Science (IJARPS) Volume 5, Issue 1, 2018, PP 12-18.
[9]	Kolo M. T., Khandaker M. U., Amin Y. M., and Abdullah W. H. B. (2016) Quantification and Radiological Risk Estimation Due to the Presence of Natural Radionuclides in Maiganga Coal, Nigeria. PLoS ONE 11 (6): e0158100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158100.
[10]	Issa, S. A. M., Uosif, M. A. M., Hefni, M. A., El-Kamel, A. H., and Nesreen A. A. (2012). Assessment of natural radioactivity and radiation hazard indices in different soil samples from Assiut governorate. XI Radiation Physics & Protection Conference, Nasr City - Cairo, Egypt 93-99.
[11]	Kinyua R., Atambo V. O., and Ongeri R. M. (2011). Activity concentrations of ⁴⁰K, ²³²Th, ²²⁶Ra and radiation exposure levels in the Tabaka soapstone quarries of the Kisii Region, Kenya. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 5 (9): 682-688.
[12]	International Atomic Energy Agency, (2007). Identification of radioactive sources and devices, IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 5, Technical Guidance Reference Manual, STI/PUB/1278, VIENNA.
[13]	Kurnaz, A., Küçükomeroğlu, B., Keser, R., Okumuşoğlu, N. T., and Korkmaz, F. (2007). Determination of radioactivity levels and hazards of soil and sediment samples in Firtina Valley (Rize, Turkey). Applied Radiation and Isotopes 65: 1281-1289.
[14]	Ogundele, L. T., Ayeku, P. O., Inuyomi, S. O., Ogunsakin, O. M., Oladejo, O. F., and Adejoro, I. A. (2020). Assessment of naturally occurring ⁴⁰K, ²³²Th and ²³⁸U and their associated radiological hazard indices in soils used for building in Ondo West Local Government area, Southwestern, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Quality 37: 11-21.
[15]	Ademola, J. A., Hammed, O. S., and Adejumobi, C. A., 2008. Radioactivity and dose assessment of marble samples from Igbeti Mines, Nigeria. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry. 132: 94–97.
[16]	Sivakumar, S., Chandrasekaran, A., Ravisankar, R., Ravikumar, S. M., Jebakumar, J. P. P., Vijayagopal, P., Vijayalakshmi, I., and Jose, M. T. (2014) Measurement of natural radioactivity and evaluation of radiation hazards in coastal sediments of east coast of Tamilnadu using statistical approach. J. TaibahUniv. Sci. 8: 375–384.
[17]	National Population Commission Report, 2019. Life Expectancy in Nigeria, https://www.premiumtimesng.com/new/headlines/323548, retrieved 2020.
[18]	Taskin, H., Karavus, M., Ay, P., Topuzoglu, A., and Hindiroglu, S. (2009). Radionuclide Concentrations in soil and lifetime cancer risk due to the gamma radioactivity in Kirklareli, Turkey. J. Environ. Rad. 100: 49-53.
[19]	Ashraf, E. M. K, Layia, H. A., Amany, A. A., and Al-Omran, A. M., (2010). NORM in clay deposits. Proceedings of Third European IRPA Congress, Helsinki, Finland. 14- 18, 1-9.
[20]	Avwiri, G. O., Ajibode, M. O., and Agbalagba, EO (2013). Evaluation of Radiation Hazard Indices in an Oil Mineral Lease (oil block) in Delta State, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Environmental Science; ESAIJ, 8 (10): 387-395.
[21]	Bereka, J., and Mathew, P. J., (1985). Natural radioactivity ofAustralian building materials, wastes and by-products. Health Phys. 48: 87–95 http://dx.doi. org/10.1097/00004032-198501000-00007
[22]	Diab, H. M., Nouh, S. A., Hamdy, A., and El-Fiki, S. A., (2008). Evaluation of natural radioactivity in a cultivated area around a fertilizer factory. Journal of Nuclear and Radiation Physics, 3 (1) 53-62.
[23]	Alam, M. N., Chowdhury, M. I., Kamal, M., Ghose, S., and Ismal, M. N., (1999). The ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K activities in beach sand minerals and beach soil of Cox’s Bazer. Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 46 (2): 243- 250.
[24]	Isinkaye, M. O., andFaweya, E. B., 2006. Occurrence of natural radionuclidein refuse dump sites within the city of Ado-Ekiti, SouthwesternNigeria. Cent. Eur. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 12 (1), 9–14.
[25]	Ademola, A. K., Babalola, A. I., Alabi, F. O., Onuh, O. D., andEnyenihi, E. E., (2014). Assessments of natural radioactivity and determination ofheavy metals in soil around industrial dumpsites in Sango-Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria. J. Med. Phys. 39: 106–111.
[26]	Gbadamosi, M. R., Banjoko, O. O., Abudu, K. A., Ogunbanjo, O. O. and Ogunneye, A. L. (2017). Radiometric evaluation of excessive lifetime cancer probability due to naturallyoccurring radionuclides in wastes dumpsites soils in Agbara, Southwest, Nigeria. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences. 24: 1, 315-324.
[27]	Avwiri, G. O., andOlatubosun, S. A., (2014). Assessment of environmentalradioactivity in selected dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res. 3: 263–269.
[28]	Faweya, E. B., and Babalola, A. I., (2010). Radiological safety assessment and occurrence of heavy metals in soil from designated waste dumpsites used for building and composting in south-western Nigeria. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 35 (2): 219–225.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard, Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel. (2022). Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 6(1), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard; Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel. Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2022, 6(1), 71-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard, Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel. Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2022;6(1):71-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21,
  author = {Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard and Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel},
  title = {Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20220601.21},
  abstract = {Ionizing radiations emanating from human natural environment could have serious negative effects at certain exposure level. Therefore the evaluation of radioisotopes of natural origin becomes very important in order to achieve specific objective to quantifying the radiological parameters and their respective health implications. Hence the estimation of Activity Utlization Index (AUI) and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) has been done using gamma spectroscopy method. The results showed that the mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K from which the AUI and ELCR were computed were 22.19, 9.70 and 543.80 Bqkg-1 respectively. Activity Utilization Index ranged from 0.24 to 0.55 and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ranged from 0.07 to 0.17 x 10-3. The average value of AUI was 0.38 whereas that of ELCR was found to be 0.12×10-3 which implied that 0.38 in, Hex and annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) were 38.95nGh-1, 0.61, 0.05, 0.27, 0.21 and 279.87µSvy-1 respectively. In conclusion, the empirical values of activity utilization index showed good air quality. Also, the computed values of the excess lifetime cancer risks indicated very low chances of potential carcinogenicity effect for a specific exposure to ionizing radiation in this environment.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria
AU  - Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard
AU  - Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel
Y1  - 2022/03/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 71
EP  - 79
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21
AB  - Ionizing radiations emanating from human natural environment could have serious negative effects at certain exposure level. Therefore the evaluation of radioisotopes of natural origin becomes very important in order to achieve specific objective to quantifying the radiological parameters and their respective health implications. Hence the estimation of Activity Utlization Index (AUI) and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) has been done using gamma spectroscopy method. The results showed that the mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K from which the AUI and ELCR were computed were 22.19, 9.70 and 543.80 Bqkg-1 respectively. Activity Utilization Index ranged from 0.24 to 0.55 and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ranged from 0.07 to 0.17 x 10-3. The average value of AUI was 0.38 whereas that of ELCR was found to be 0.12×10-3 which implied that 0.38 in, Hex and annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) were 38.95nGh-1, 0.61, 0.05, 0.27, 0.21 and 279.87µSvy-1 respectively. In conclusion, the empirical values of activity utilization index showed good air quality. Also, the computed values of the excess lifetime cancer risks indicated very low chances of potential carcinogenicity effect for a specific exposure to ionizing radiation in this environment.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard

Department of Physics, Federal University, Otuoke, Nigeria
Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel

Department of Physics, Creighton University, Nebraska, USA

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard, Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel. (2022). Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 6(1), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard; Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel. Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2022, 6(1), 71-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard, Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel. Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2022;6(1):71-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21,
  author = {Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard and Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel},
  title = {Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {71-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20220601.21},
  abstract = {Ionizing radiations emanating from human natural environment could have serious negative effects at certain exposure level. Therefore the evaluation of radioisotopes of natural origin becomes very important in order to achieve specific objective to quantifying the radiological parameters and their respective health implications. Hence the estimation of Activity Utlization Index (AUI) and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) has been done using gamma spectroscopy method. The results showed that the mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K from which the AUI and ELCR were computed were 22.19, 9.70 and 543.80 Bqkg-1 respectively. Activity Utilization Index ranged from 0.24 to 0.55 and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ranged from 0.07 to 0.17 x 10-3. The average value of AUI was 0.38 whereas that of ELCR was found to be 0.12×10-3 which implied that 0.38 in, Hex and annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) were 38.95nGh-1, 0.61, 0.05, 0.27, 0.21 and 279.87µSvy-1 respectively. In conclusion, the empirical values of activity utilization index showed good air quality. Also, the computed values of the excess lifetime cancer risks indicated very low chances of potential carcinogenicity effect for a specific exposure to ionizing radiation in this environment.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Estimation of Utilization Index and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Soil Samples Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry in Ibolo-Oraifite, Anambra State, Nigeria
AU  - Anekwe Uzochukwu Leonard
AU  - Odezuligbo Ikenna Emmanuel
Y1  - 2022/03/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 71
EP  - 79
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20220601.21
AB  - Ionizing radiations emanating from human natural environment could have serious negative effects at certain exposure level. Therefore the evaluation of radioisotopes of natural origin becomes very important in order to achieve specific objective to quantifying the radiological parameters and their respective health implications. Hence the estimation of Activity Utlization Index (AUI) and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) has been done using gamma spectroscopy method. The results showed that the mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K from which the AUI and ELCR were computed were 22.19, 9.70 and 543.80 Bqkg-1 respectively. Activity Utilization Index ranged from 0.24 to 0.55 and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ranged from 0.07 to 0.17 x 10-3. The average value of AUI was 0.38 whereas that of ELCR was found to be 0.12×10-3 which implied that 0.38 in, Hex and annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) were 38.95nGh-1, 0.61, 0.05, 0.27, 0.21 and 279.87µSvy-1 respectively. In conclusion, the empirical values of activity utilization index showed good air quality. Also, the computed values of the excess lifetime cancer risks indicated very low chances of potential carcinogenicity effect for a specific exposure to ionizing radiation in this environment.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download