Three indicators are employed including the Enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation (I geo), and potential ecological risk assessment (PERI) to measure the degree of contamination of As, Co, and Hg in soils. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the concentration of As, Co, and Hg in the soils of Iowa (IA), Kansas (KS), and Nebraska (NE). Study of the spatial distribution of chemicals was carried out as part of the investigation, which leads to the suggestion of the potential source of the elements. EF, I geo and PERI indexes, As and Co contain minimal enrichment, and Hg is high. EF of As and Hg are similarly classified with minimal contamination as well as EF of Co in NE. EF can be ordered Hg > As > Co. PERI values of As and Co are classified as a low risk. PERI values of Hg are higher than As and Co. I geo values of As and Co indicate uncontaminated to moderately contaminated soil. I geo of Hg is highest of three chemicals order Hg > As > Co. However, I geo degree of As is approximately similar in the three states and it is higher than Co, which indicate as uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. PERI show serious ecological risk pollution of Hg in the soils. These investigations indicate minimal to moderate soil contamination with As and Co in the three states. The spatial distribution is widespread and continuous. Point source maps are compared with this present product. The nature of the spatial distribution correlates with the major human activity on the land, agriculture. The As, Co, and Hg chemistry of the soil is due to the intense fertilization that accompanies such successful agriculture, which originates from anthropogenic sources that require continuous monitoring.
| Published in | American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajese.20210502.13 |
| Page(s) | 35-52 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Chemical Elements, Soil Contamination, PERI, EF, I Geo, Regional Geochemical Mapping (RGM)
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APA Style
Almesleh Najwah Alssaeidi Ahmed, Philip Goodell, Ziwu Felix Dziedzorm, Kappus Eric. (2021). Distribution of Natural and Anthropogenic Sources, and Mapping of As, Co, and Hg by Three Ecological Risk Indices in the Mid-continent of the USA. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 5(2), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210502.13
ACS Style
Almesleh Najwah Alssaeidi Ahmed; Philip Goodell; Ziwu Felix Dziedzorm; Kappus Eric. Distribution of Natural and Anthropogenic Sources, and Mapping of As, Co, and Hg by Three Ecological Risk Indices in the Mid-continent of the USA. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2021, 5(2), 35-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20210502.13
AMA Style
Almesleh Najwah Alssaeidi Ahmed, Philip Goodell, Ziwu Felix Dziedzorm, Kappus Eric. Distribution of Natural and Anthropogenic Sources, and Mapping of As, Co, and Hg by Three Ecological Risk Indices in the Mid-continent of the USA. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2021;5(2):35-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20210502.13
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20210502.13,
author = {Almesleh Najwah Alssaeidi Ahmed and Philip Goodell and Ziwu Felix Dziedzorm and Kappus Eric},
title = {Distribution of Natural and Anthropogenic Sources, and Mapping of As, Co, and Hg by Three Ecological Risk Indices in the Mid-continent of the USA},
journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {35-52},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20210502.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210502.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20210502.13},
abstract = {Three indicators are employed including the Enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation (I geo), and potential ecological risk assessment (PERI) to measure the degree of contamination of As, Co, and Hg in soils. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the concentration of As, Co, and Hg in the soils of Iowa (IA), Kansas (KS), and Nebraska (NE). Study of the spatial distribution of chemicals was carried out as part of the investigation, which leads to the suggestion of the potential source of the elements. EF, I geo and PERI indexes, As and Co contain minimal enrichment, and Hg is high. EF of As and Hg are similarly classified with minimal contamination as well as EF of Co in NE. EF can be ordered Hg > As > Co. PERI values of As and Co are classified as a low risk. PERI values of Hg are higher than As and Co. I geo values of As and Co indicate uncontaminated to moderately contaminated soil. I geo of Hg is highest of three chemicals order Hg > As > Co. However, I geo degree of As is approximately similar in the three states and it is higher than Co, which indicate as uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. PERI show serious ecological risk pollution of Hg in the soils. These investigations indicate minimal to moderate soil contamination with As and Co in the three states. The spatial distribution is widespread and continuous. Point source maps are compared with this present product. The nature of the spatial distribution correlates with the major human activity on the land, agriculture. The As, Co, and Hg chemistry of the soil is due to the intense fertilization that accompanies such successful agriculture, which originates from anthropogenic sources that require continuous monitoring.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Natural and Anthropogenic Sources, and Mapping of As, Co, and Hg by Three Ecological Risk Indices in the Mid-continent of the USA AU - Almesleh Najwah Alssaeidi Ahmed AU - Philip Goodell AU - Ziwu Felix Dziedzorm AU - Kappus Eric Y1 - 2021/07/09 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210502.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ajese.20210502.13 T2 - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JF - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JO - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering SP - 35 EP - 52 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-7993 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20210502.13 AB - Three indicators are employed including the Enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation (I geo), and potential ecological risk assessment (PERI) to measure the degree of contamination of As, Co, and Hg in soils. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the concentration of As, Co, and Hg in the soils of Iowa (IA), Kansas (KS), and Nebraska (NE). Study of the spatial distribution of chemicals was carried out as part of the investigation, which leads to the suggestion of the potential source of the elements. EF, I geo and PERI indexes, As and Co contain minimal enrichment, and Hg is high. EF of As and Hg are similarly classified with minimal contamination as well as EF of Co in NE. EF can be ordered Hg > As > Co. PERI values of As and Co are classified as a low risk. PERI values of Hg are higher than As and Co. I geo values of As and Co indicate uncontaminated to moderately contaminated soil. I geo of Hg is highest of three chemicals order Hg > As > Co. However, I geo degree of As is approximately similar in the three states and it is higher than Co, which indicate as uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. PERI show serious ecological risk pollution of Hg in the soils. These investigations indicate minimal to moderate soil contamination with As and Co in the three states. The spatial distribution is widespread and continuous. Point source maps are compared with this present product. The nature of the spatial distribution correlates with the major human activity on the land, agriculture. The As, Co, and Hg chemistry of the soil is due to the intense fertilization that accompanies such successful agriculture, which originates from anthropogenic sources that require continuous monitoring. VL - 5 IS - 2 ER -
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