Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Edori Onisogen Simeon; Kieri Ben Smith Idomo; Festus Chioma

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Edori Onisogen Simeon, Kieri Ben Smith Idomo, Festus Chioma

Published in American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 11 September 2019 Accepted: 7 October 2019 Published: 21 October 2019

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Abstract

Water and sediment samples were collected from Silver River to determine the levels of various physicochemical parameters in both sediment and water from the river. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the extent of deterioration of the river as a result of artisanal refining of crude oil. The result obtained showed that the mean values of the different parameters examined in the water were; conductivity (26,567±464.28 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (TDS), (13,250±187.08 mg/L), total suspended solids (TSS), (17.78±3.07 mg/L), turbidity (15.57±2.45 NTU), pH (7.12±0.03), salinity (8766.67±449.69 mg/L), total hydrocarbon content (THC) (45.43±3.86 mg/L), nitrates (NO₃^‑), (4.93±0.61 mg/L), sulphates (SO₄^2‑) (1471.07±1058.43 mg/L), phosphates (PO₄³), (0.64±0.16 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (DO), (4.73±0.57 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), (33.20±2.33 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), (50.13±3.21 mg/L). Physicochemical parameters such as conductivity, TDS, salinity, THC, SO₄^2‑, DO, BOD and COD fall below the standard requirement for domestic water consumption, while TSS, turbidity, pH, NO₃^‑ and PO₄^3- were within the acceptable range for drinking water by WHO. The mean values of sediment physicochemical parameters were; pH (7.20±0.03), conductivity (16701.67±513.65 µS/cm), total organic carbon (TOC) (2.37±0.05%) and total organic matter (TOM) (4.09±0.09%). The particle size examination showed that clay was 7.33±1.25%, silt (14.67±1.25%) and sand (78.00±1.63%). The examined sediment nutrient species showed that the mean values were 0.51±0.01, 8.81±12.09 and 0.27±0.01mg/kg for NO₃^-, SO₄^2‑ and PO₄^3- respectively. The findings of this work showed that the silver river (both water and sediment) are under human influence which not handled in the immediate, can in the near future constitute a major health risk to the entire environment.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12
Page(s)	39-46
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water, Sediment, Physicochemical Characteristics, Silver River, Pollution

References

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APA Style

Edori Onisogen Simeon, Kieri Ben Smith Idomo, Festus Chioma. (2019). Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 3(2), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12

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ACS Style

Edori Onisogen Simeon; Kieri Ben Smith Idomo; Festus Chioma. Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2019, 3(2), 39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12

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AMA Style

Edori Onisogen Simeon, Kieri Ben Smith Idomo, Festus Chioma. Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2019;3(2):39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12,
  author = {Edori Onisogen Simeon and Kieri Ben Smith Idomo and Festus Chioma},
  title = {Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20190302.12},
  abstract = {Water and sediment samples were collected from Silver River to determine the levels of various physicochemical parameters in both sediment and water from the river. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the extent of deterioration of the river as a result of artisanal refining of crude oil. The result obtained showed that the mean values of the different parameters examined in the water were; conductivity (26,567±464.28 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (TDS), (13,250±187.08 mg/L), total suspended solids (TSS), (17.78±3.07 mg/L), turbidity (15.57±2.45 NTU), pH (7.12±0.03), salinity (8766.67±449.69 mg/L), total hydrocarbon content (THC) (45.43±3.86 mg/L), nitrates (NO3‑), (4.93±0.61 mg/L), sulphates (SO42‑) (1471.07±1058.43 mg/L), phosphates (PO43), (0.64±0.16 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (DO), (4.73±0.57 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), (33.20±2.33 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), (50.13±3.21 mg/L). Physicochemical parameters such as conductivity, TDS, salinity, THC, SO42‑, DO, BOD and COD fall below the standard requirement for domestic water consumption, while TSS, turbidity, pH, NO3‑ and PO43- were within the acceptable range for drinking water by WHO. The mean values of sediment physicochemical parameters were; pH (7.20±0.03), conductivity (16701.67±513.65 µS/cm), total organic carbon (TOC) (2.37±0.05%) and total organic matter (TOM) (4.09±0.09%). The particle size examination showed that clay was 7.33±1.25%, silt (14.67±1.25%) and sand (78.00±1.63%). The examined sediment nutrient species showed that the mean values were 0.51±0.01, 8.81±12.09 and 0.27±0.01mg/kg for NO3-, SO42‑ and PO43- respectively. The findings of this work showed that the silver river (both water and sediment) are under human influence which not handled in the immediate, can in the near future constitute a major health risk to the entire environment.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria
AU  - Edori Onisogen Simeon
AU  - Kieri Ben Smith Idomo
AU  - Festus Chioma
Y1  - 2019/10/21
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12
AB  - Water and sediment samples were collected from Silver River to determine the levels of various physicochemical parameters in both sediment and water from the river. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the extent of deterioration of the river as a result of artisanal refining of crude oil. The result obtained showed that the mean values of the different parameters examined in the water were; conductivity (26,567±464.28 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (TDS), (13,250±187.08 mg/L), total suspended solids (TSS), (17.78±3.07 mg/L), turbidity (15.57±2.45 NTU), pH (7.12±0.03), salinity (8766.67±449.69 mg/L), total hydrocarbon content (THC) (45.43±3.86 mg/L), nitrates (NO3‑), (4.93±0.61 mg/L), sulphates (SO42‑) (1471.07±1058.43 mg/L), phosphates (PO43), (0.64±0.16 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (DO), (4.73±0.57 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), (33.20±2.33 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), (50.13±3.21 mg/L). Physicochemical parameters such as conductivity, TDS, salinity, THC, SO42‑, DO, BOD and COD fall below the standard requirement for domestic water consumption, while TSS, turbidity, pH, NO3‑ and PO43- were within the acceptable range for drinking water by WHO. The mean values of sediment physicochemical parameters were; pH (7.20±0.03), conductivity (16701.67±513.65 µS/cm), total organic carbon (TOC) (2.37±0.05%) and total organic matter (TOM) (4.09±0.09%). The particle size examination showed that clay was 7.33±1.25%, silt (14.67±1.25%) and sand (78.00±1.63%). The examined sediment nutrient species showed that the mean values were 0.51±0.01, 8.81±12.09 and 0.27±0.01mg/kg for NO3-, SO42‑ and PO43- respectively. The findings of this work showed that the silver river (both water and sediment) are under human influence which not handled in the immediate, can in the near future constitute a major health risk to the entire environment.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Edori Onisogen Simeon

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Nigeria
Kieri Ben Smith Idomo

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Nigeria
Festus Chioma

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Nigeria

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APA Style

Edori Onisogen Simeon, Kieri Ben Smith Idomo, Festus Chioma. (2019). Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 3(2), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12

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ACS Style

Edori Onisogen Simeon; Kieri Ben Smith Idomo; Festus Chioma. Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2019, 3(2), 39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12

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AMA Style

Edori Onisogen Simeon, Kieri Ben Smith Idomo, Festus Chioma. Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2019;3(2):39-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12,
  author = {Edori Onisogen Simeon and Kieri Ben Smith Idomo and Festus Chioma},
  title = {Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-46},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20190302.12},
  abstract = {Water and sediment samples were collected from Silver River to determine the levels of various physicochemical parameters in both sediment and water from the river. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the extent of deterioration of the river as a result of artisanal refining of crude oil. The result obtained showed that the mean values of the different parameters examined in the water were; conductivity (26,567±464.28 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (TDS), (13,250±187.08 mg/L), total suspended solids (TSS), (17.78±3.07 mg/L), turbidity (15.57±2.45 NTU), pH (7.12±0.03), salinity (8766.67±449.69 mg/L), total hydrocarbon content (THC) (45.43±3.86 mg/L), nitrates (NO3‑), (4.93±0.61 mg/L), sulphates (SO42‑) (1471.07±1058.43 mg/L), phosphates (PO43), (0.64±0.16 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (DO), (4.73±0.57 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), (33.20±2.33 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), (50.13±3.21 mg/L). Physicochemical parameters such as conductivity, TDS, salinity, THC, SO42‑, DO, BOD and COD fall below the standard requirement for domestic water consumption, while TSS, turbidity, pH, NO3‑ and PO43- were within the acceptable range for drinking water by WHO. The mean values of sediment physicochemical parameters were; pH (7.20±0.03), conductivity (16701.67±513.65 µS/cm), total organic carbon (TOC) (2.37±0.05%) and total organic matter (TOM) (4.09±0.09%). The particle size examination showed that clay was 7.33±1.25%, silt (14.67±1.25%) and sand (78.00±1.63%). The examined sediment nutrient species showed that the mean values were 0.51±0.01, 8.81±12.09 and 0.27±0.01mg/kg for NO3-, SO42‑ and PO43- respectively. The findings of this work showed that the silver river (both water and sediment) are under human influence which not handled in the immediate, can in the near future constitute a major health risk to the entire environment.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water and Sediment of Silver River, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria
AU  - Edori Onisogen Simeon
AU  - Kieri Ben Smith Idomo
AU  - Festus Chioma
Y1  - 2019/10/21
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20190302.12
AB  - Water and sediment samples were collected from Silver River to determine the levels of various physicochemical parameters in both sediment and water from the river. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the extent of deterioration of the river as a result of artisanal refining of crude oil. The result obtained showed that the mean values of the different parameters examined in the water were; conductivity (26,567±464.28 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (TDS), (13,250±187.08 mg/L), total suspended solids (TSS), (17.78±3.07 mg/L), turbidity (15.57±2.45 NTU), pH (7.12±0.03), salinity (8766.67±449.69 mg/L), total hydrocarbon content (THC) (45.43±3.86 mg/L), nitrates (NO3‑), (4.93±0.61 mg/L), sulphates (SO42‑) (1471.07±1058.43 mg/L), phosphates (PO43), (0.64±0.16 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (DO), (4.73±0.57 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), (33.20±2.33 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), (50.13±3.21 mg/L). Physicochemical parameters such as conductivity, TDS, salinity, THC, SO42‑, DO, BOD and COD fall below the standard requirement for domestic water consumption, while TSS, turbidity, pH, NO3‑ and PO43- were within the acceptable range for drinking water by WHO. The mean values of sediment physicochemical parameters were; pH (7.20±0.03), conductivity (16701.67±513.65 µS/cm), total organic carbon (TOC) (2.37±0.05%) and total organic matter (TOM) (4.09±0.09%). The particle size examination showed that clay was 7.33±1.25%, silt (14.67±1.25%) and sand (78.00±1.63%). The examined sediment nutrient species showed that the mean values were 0.51±0.01, 8.81±12.09 and 0.27±0.01mg/kg for NO3-, SO42‑ and PO43- respectively. The findings of this work showed that the silver river (both water and sediment) are under human influence which not handled in the immediate, can in the near future constitute a major health risk to the entire environment.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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