Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan

William Bol Yaak Giet; Zhaohui Yang

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11

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Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan

William Bol Yaak Giet, Zhaohui Yang

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 12, Issue 2)

Received: 10 March 2023 Accepted: 1 April 2023 Published: 18 April 2023

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Abstract

This study explores the Land Use Land Cover Change (LULC) of oil industry on environment and local communities in Melut County located in Upper Nile State in South Sudan; as well as engaging the stakeholders in oil sectors to adopt the best techniques of sustainable oil exploration and production in the area. This research is based on remote sensing imageries collected for 2000 and 2018. The satellite imageries data were collected from Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 ETM+ for the two points. These satellite imageries were used to reach inaccessible areas in the Area. ENVI 5.1 software was used to analyze the satellite imageries. The results reveal tremendously significant environmental degradation as a result of land use changes over time that leads to deterioration of the livelihoods of the oil producing communities in Melut County. The main contributions to LULC were from exploration and production activities such as drilling, and oil processing. Produced water and oil well pads were the major catastrophes that lead to destruction of croplands, damage of vegetation cover, and contamination of surface and ground water in the area. There are inadequate social services in the areas around oil fields; hence, the areas are characterized by poverty, lack of access to resources, unimproved social amenities and vulnerability to the poor unhealthy conditions in the oil environment. Furthermore, the government should regulate the oil industry by scrutinizing any environmental violation, and heavily fine the non-complying individuals and companies.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 12, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11
Page(s)	32-39
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Oil Exploration and Production, LULC, Environment, Oil Industry, Remote Sensing

References

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APA Style

William Bol Yaak Giet, Zhaohui Yang. (2023). Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 12(2), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11

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ACS Style

William Bol Yaak Giet; Zhaohui Yang. Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2023, 12(2), 32-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11

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AMA Style

William Bol Yaak Giet, Zhaohui Yang. Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan. Am J Environ Prot. 2023;12(2):32-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11,
  author = {William Bol Yaak Giet and Zhaohui Yang},
  title = {Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20231202.11},
  abstract = {This study explores the Land Use Land Cover Change (LULC) of oil industry on environment and local communities in Melut County located in Upper Nile State in South Sudan; as well as engaging the stakeholders in oil sectors to adopt the best techniques of sustainable oil exploration and production in the area. This research is based on remote sensing imageries collected for 2000 and 2018. The satellite imageries data were collected from Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 ETM+ for the two points. These satellite imageries were used to reach inaccessible areas in the Area. ENVI 5.1 software was used to analyze the satellite imageries. The results reveal tremendously significant environmental degradation as a result of land use changes over time that leads to deterioration of the livelihoods of the oil producing communities in Melut County. The main contributions to LULC were from exploration and production activities such as drilling, and oil processing. Produced water and oil well pads were the major catastrophes that lead to destruction of croplands, damage of vegetation cover, and contamination of surface and ground water in the area. There are inadequate social services in the areas around oil fields; hence, the areas are characterized by poverty, lack of access to resources, unimproved social amenities and vulnerability to the poor unhealthy conditions in the oil environment. Furthermore, the government should regulate the oil industry by scrutinizing any environmental violation, and heavily fine the non-complying individuals and companies.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan
AU  - William Bol Yaak Giet
AU  - Zhaohui Yang
Y1  - 2023/04/18
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 32
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11
AB  - This study explores the Land Use Land Cover Change (LULC) of oil industry on environment and local communities in Melut County located in Upper Nile State in South Sudan; as well as engaging the stakeholders in oil sectors to adopt the best techniques of sustainable oil exploration and production in the area. This research is based on remote sensing imageries collected for 2000 and 2018. The satellite imageries data were collected from Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 ETM+ for the two points. These satellite imageries were used to reach inaccessible areas in the Area. ENVI 5.1 software was used to analyze the satellite imageries. The results reveal tremendously significant environmental degradation as a result of land use changes over time that leads to deterioration of the livelihoods of the oil producing communities in Melut County. The main contributions to LULC were from exploration and production activities such as drilling, and oil processing. Produced water and oil well pads were the major catastrophes that lead to destruction of croplands, damage of vegetation cover, and contamination of surface and ground water in the area. There are inadequate social services in the areas around oil fields; hence, the areas are characterized by poverty, lack of access to resources, unimproved social amenities and vulnerability to the poor unhealthy conditions in the oil environment. Furthermore, the government should regulate the oil industry by scrutinizing any environmental violation, and heavily fine the non-complying individuals and companies.
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

William Bol Yaak Giet

Department of Environmental Studies, School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, Juba, Republic of South Sudan
Zhaohui Yang

Department of Environmental Studies, School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, Juba, Republic of South Sudan

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APA Style

William Bol Yaak Giet, Zhaohui Yang. (2023). Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 12(2), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11

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ACS Style

William Bol Yaak Giet; Zhaohui Yang. Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2023, 12(2), 32-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11

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AMA Style

William Bol Yaak Giet, Zhaohui Yang. Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan. Am J Environ Prot. 2023;12(2):32-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11,
  author = {William Bol Yaak Giet and Zhaohui Yang},
  title = {Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20231202.11},
  abstract = {This study explores the Land Use Land Cover Change (LULC) of oil industry on environment and local communities in Melut County located in Upper Nile State in South Sudan; as well as engaging the stakeholders in oil sectors to adopt the best techniques of sustainable oil exploration and production in the area. This research is based on remote sensing imageries collected for 2000 and 2018. The satellite imageries data were collected from Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 ETM+ for the two points. These satellite imageries were used to reach inaccessible areas in the Area. ENVI 5.1 software was used to analyze the satellite imageries. The results reveal tremendously significant environmental degradation as a result of land use changes over time that leads to deterioration of the livelihoods of the oil producing communities in Melut County. The main contributions to LULC were from exploration and production activities such as drilling, and oil processing. Produced water and oil well pads were the major catastrophes that lead to destruction of croplands, damage of vegetation cover, and contamination of surface and ground water in the area. There are inadequate social services in the areas around oil fields; hence, the areas are characterized by poverty, lack of access to resources, unimproved social amenities and vulnerability to the poor unhealthy conditions in the oil environment. Furthermore, the government should regulate the oil industry by scrutinizing any environmental violation, and heavily fine the non-complying individuals and companies.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Land Use Land Cover Change Detection of Oil Exploration and Production in Melut County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan
AU  - William Bol Yaak Giet
AU  - Zhaohui Yang
Y1  - 2023/04/18
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 32
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20231202.11
AB  - This study explores the Land Use Land Cover Change (LULC) of oil industry on environment and local communities in Melut County located in Upper Nile State in South Sudan; as well as engaging the stakeholders in oil sectors to adopt the best techniques of sustainable oil exploration and production in the area. This research is based on remote sensing imageries collected for 2000 and 2018. The satellite imageries data were collected from Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 ETM+ for the two points. These satellite imageries were used to reach inaccessible areas in the Area. ENVI 5.1 software was used to analyze the satellite imageries. The results reveal tremendously significant environmental degradation as a result of land use changes over time that leads to deterioration of the livelihoods of the oil producing communities in Melut County. The main contributions to LULC were from exploration and production activities such as drilling, and oil processing. Produced water and oil well pads were the major catastrophes that lead to destruction of croplands, damage of vegetation cover, and contamination of surface and ground water in the area. There are inadequate social services in the areas around oil fields; hence, the areas are characterized by poverty, lack of access to resources, unimproved social amenities and vulnerability to the poor unhealthy conditions in the oil environment. Furthermore, the government should regulate the oil industry by scrutinizing any environmental violation, and heavily fine the non-complying individuals and companies.
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
ER  -

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