Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service

Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño; Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue; Luis Antonio Gan Fong; Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14

| Peer-Reviewed

Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service

Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño, Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue, Luis Antonio Gan Fong, Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez

Published in American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 5)

Received: 19 April 2021 Accepted: 25 May 2021 Published: 5 October 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Surgical resolution of obstetric events through cesarean section represents one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide and at the same time it has contributed to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality. However, it hasincreased the potential risks of the surgical site infections due to the colonization of microorganism. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conductedin the Gen eral Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" from June 2016 to June 2017 to characterize from epidemiology and microbiology point of view 38 patients who suffered from surgical site infections after undergoing a caesarean section. Wound swabsfor bacteriology cultures were collected from patients, resulting all of the specimens positive. The variables to be studied were age, risk factors, nature of the surgery, isolated microorganisms and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. The statistical data were analyzed using the Stadistics Program for Social Sciencs version 11.5 and they were summarized with the absolute frequencies and the percentage in two-dimensional tables. Post partum women from 21 to 26 years old who had anemia as a risk factor and who had undergone emergency cesarean sections predominated. The most common isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. A clear multi-resistance to antimicrobials was obtained. It was concluded that modifiable, avoidable and controllable risk factors as well as the identification of bacterium with patterns of multi-resistance to antimicrobials must be under strict and permanent epidemiology and microbiology surveillance.

Published in	American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14
Page(s)	147-150
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Infection, Caesarean Section, Microorganisms, Antimicrobial Resistance

References

[1]	Bravo Villacres JA, Soria Nicolalde CC. Determination of microorganisms causing infection at the surgical site in another cesarean section through culture and its relationship with premature rupture of membranes, prolonged expulsive, and surgical time at the Isidro Ayora Gyneco-obstetric hospital in the period of January 2014 - April 2014. [Central University of Gynecology and Obstetrics thesis]; 2015 [cited 29 Oct 2019] Available from: http://www.dspace.uce.edu.ec/bitstream/25000/4727/1/T-UCE-0006-127.pdf.
[2]	Cabezas E. Maternal morbidity and mortality. In: Rigol O, Santisteban S. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 3 Ed. Havana: ECIMED; 2014. p. 447-50.
[3]	Colas Ruiz E, Del Moral Luque JA, Gil Yonte P, Fernandez Cebrian JM, Alonso Garcia M and collaborators. Incidence of surgical site infection and risk factors in rectal surgery. Spanish Surgery Magazine [online]. 2018 [cited 29 Oct 2019]; 96 (10): 603-668 Available at: https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-cirugia-espanola-36-sumario-vol-96-num-10-S0009739X18X00098.
[4]	World Health Organization. United Nations agencies report firm progress in efforts to save maternal lives. Press release [online]. 2018 [cited 29 Oct 2019]; Available in: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/maternal-mortality/es/.
[5]	CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 29 ed. [online]. Pennsylvania: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2019 [cited 26 Sep 2019]. Available in: https://clsi.org/media/2663/m100ed29_sample.pdf.
[6]	Frias Chang NV, Begué Dalmau NM, Martí Rodríguez LA, Leyva Frias N, Méndez Leyva L. Post-cesarean surgical site infection. MEDISAN [online]. 2016 [cited 2019 Oct 29]; 20 (5) approximately 10p Available at: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30192016000500002.
[7]	Franco T, Dalle J, Vinicius da Silva M, Würdig R, Antonellob V. Risk factors for surgical site infection following cesarean section in a Brazilian Women’s Hospital: a case–control study. BRAZ J INFECT DIS [online]. 2015 [cited 29 oct 2019]; 19 (2): 113–117. Available in: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25529364.
[8]	Ramirez Salinas Y, Zayas Illas A, Infante del Rey S, Ramirez Salinas YM, Mesa Castellanos I, Montoto Mayor V. Surgical site nfection in post partum women with cesarean section. Cuban Journal Obstetrics Gynecology [online]. 2016 Mar [cited 29 Oct 2019]; 42 (1): approximately 14p Available in: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0138-600X2016000100005.
[9]	Saldarriaga Quintero E, Echeverri Toro L, Ospina Ospina S. Clinical factors associated with bacterial multidrug resistance in a four-level hospital. Infectio [online]. 2015 [cited 2019 Sep 30]; 19 (4): 161-167 Available in: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0123939215000429.
[10]	Morosini MI. Detection of multi-resistance mechanisms. Reported Antibiogram. Ramon Cajal Hospital, Spain [online]. 2016 [cited 2019 Oct 29]; Available in: ttps://seimc.org/contenidos/gruposdeestudio/geipc/dcientificos/ponencias/geipc-pn-2016-ev1-mr1-MorosiniMIsabel.pdf.
[11]	Collective of Authors. Azithromycin. National Drug Form. Havana: ECIMED; 2019. [cited Sep 30, 2019]; Available in: http://Fnmedicamentos.Sld.Cu/Index.Php?P=Fullrecord&ID=237.
[12]	Errecalde L, Ceriana P, Gagetti P, Erbín M, Duarte A, Rolon MJ, and collaborators. First isolation in Argentina of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with intermediate sensitivity to vancomycin and no sensitivity to daptomycin. Argentine journal microbiology [online]. 2013 Jun [cited 29 Oct 2019]; 45 (2): 99-103. Available in: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script.
[13]	Leiva Pelaez and collaborators. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from 4 Cuban hospitals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. [online]. 2015 [cited 2019 Oct 29]; 81 (1): 1–3. Available in: http://www.dmidjournal.com/article/S0732-8893(14)00448-9/pdf.
[14]	Quiñones D and collaborators. Antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. and production of extended spectrum B-lactamases in Cuban hospitals. Cuban Journal Tropical Medicine [online]. 2014 [cited 29 Oct 2019]; 66 (3): 386-399. Available at: http://scieloprueba.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0375-07602014000300007&lng=es.
[15]	Bayer AS, Schneider T, Sahl HG. Mechanisms of daptomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: role of the cell membrane and cell wall. Ann N Y AcadSci [online]. 2013 [cited 29 oct 2019]; 1277: 139–58. Pubmed PMID: 23215859; PMCID: PMC3556211.
[16]	Garcia T, Castillo A, Salazar D. Mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactams in Gram-negative bacteria. Cuban Journal of Public Health [online]. 2014 [cited Oct 29, 2019]; 40 (1): [approx. 7p.]. Available in: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-34662014000100013.
[17]	Fariñas MC, Martinez-Martinez L. Multiresistant Gram-negative bacterial infections: Enterobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanniiand other non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. Infectious diseases clinical microbiology [online]. 2013 [cited 29 oct 2019]; 31: 402-9. Available in: http://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-enfermedades-infecciosas-microbiologia-clinica-28-articulo-infecciones-causadas-por-bacterias-gramnegativas-S0213005X13000955.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño, Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue, Luis Antonio Gan Fong, Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez. (2021). Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 9(5), 147-150. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño; Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue; Luis Antonio Gan Fong; Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez. Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2021, 9(5), 147-150. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño, Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue, Luis Antonio Gan Fong, Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez. Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2021;9(5):147-150. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14,
  author = {Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño and Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue and Luis Antonio Gan Fong and Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez},
  title = {Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {147-150},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20210905.14},
  abstract = {Surgical resolution of obstetric events through cesarean section represents one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide and at the same time it has contributed to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality. However, it hasincreased the potential risks of the surgical site infections due to the colonization of microorganism. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conductedin the Gen eral Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" from June 2016 to June 2017 to characterize from epidemiology and microbiology point of view 38 patients who suffered from surgical site infections after undergoing a caesarean section. Wound swabsfor bacteriology cultures were collected from patients, resulting all of the specimens positive. The variables to be studied were age, risk factors, nature of the surgery, isolated microorganisms and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. The statistical data were analyzed using the Stadistics Program for Social Sciencs version 11.5 and they were summarized with the absolute frequencies and the percentage in two-dimensional tables. Post partum women from 21 to 26 years old who had anemia as a risk factor and who had undergone emergency cesarean sections predominated. The most common isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. A clear multi-resistance to antimicrobials was obtained. It was concluded that modifiable, avoidable and controllable risk factors as well as the identification of bacterium with patterns of multi-resistance to antimicrobials must be under strict and permanent epidemiology and microbiology surveillance.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service
AU  - Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño
AU  - Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue
AU  - Luis Antonio Gan Fong
AU  - Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez
Y1  - 2021/10/05
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 147
EP  - 150
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14
AB  - Surgical resolution of obstetric events through cesarean section represents one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide and at the same time it has contributed to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality. However, it hasincreased the potential risks of the surgical site infections due to the colonization of microorganism. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conductedin the Gen eral Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" from June 2016 to June 2017 to characterize from epidemiology and microbiology point of view 38 patients who suffered from surgical site infections after undergoing a caesarean section. Wound swabsfor bacteriology cultures were collected from patients, resulting all of the specimens positive. The variables to be studied were age, risk factors, nature of the surgery, isolated microorganisms and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. The statistical data were analyzed using the Stadistics Program for Social Sciencs version 11.5 and they were summarized with the absolute frequencies and the percentage in two-dimensional tables. Post partum women from 21 to 26 years old who had anemia as a risk factor and who had undergone emergency cesarean sections predominated. The most common isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. A clear multi-resistance to antimicrobials was obtained. It was concluded that modifiable, avoidable and controllable risk factors as well as the identification of bacterium with patterns of multi-resistance to antimicrobials must be under strict and permanent epidemiology and microbiology surveillance.
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño
Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue

General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto", Higher Institute of Medical Sciences of Guantanamo, Guantanamo University, Guantánamo, Cuba
Luis Antonio Gan Fong

General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto", Higher Institute of Medical Sciences of Guantanamo, Guantanamo University, Guantánamo, Cuba
Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez

General Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto", Higher Institute of Medical Sciences of Guantanamo, Guantanamo University, Guantánamo, Cuba

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño, Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue, Luis Antonio Gan Fong, Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez. (2021). Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 9(5), 147-150. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño; Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue; Luis Antonio Gan Fong; Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez. Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2021, 9(5), 147-150. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño, Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue, Luis Antonio Gan Fong, Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez. Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2021;9(5):147-150. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14,
  author = {Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño and Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue and Luis Antonio Gan Fong and Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez},
  title = {Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {147-150},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20210905.14},
  abstract = {Surgical resolution of obstetric events through cesarean section represents one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide and at the same time it has contributed to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality. However, it hasincreased the potential risks of the surgical site infections due to the colonization of microorganism. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conductedin the Gen eral Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" from June 2016 to June 2017 to characterize from epidemiology and microbiology point of view 38 patients who suffered from surgical site infections after undergoing a caesarean section. Wound swabsfor bacteriology cultures were collected from patients, resulting all of the specimens positive. The variables to be studied were age, risk factors, nature of the surgery, isolated microorganisms and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. The statistical data were analyzed using the Stadistics Program for Social Sciencs version 11.5 and they were summarized with the absolute frequencies and the percentage in two-dimensional tables. Post partum women from 21 to 26 years old who had anemia as a risk factor and who had undergone emergency cesarean sections predominated. The most common isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. A clear multi-resistance to antimicrobials was obtained. It was concluded that modifiable, avoidable and controllable risk factors as well as the identification of bacterium with patterns of multi-resistance to antimicrobials must be under strict and permanent epidemiology and microbiology surveillance.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Infection in the Post-Caesarean Section Surgical Wound in the Obstetric Gynecology Service
AU  - Katiuska Cecilia Garcia Mariño
AU  - Lourdes Margarita Exposito Boue
AU  - Luis Antonio Gan Fong
AU  - Edith Mercedes Arias Alvarez
Y1  - 2021/10/05
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 147
EP  - 150
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20210905.14
AB  - Surgical resolution of obstetric events through cesarean section represents one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide and at the same time it has contributed to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality. However, it hasincreased the potential risks of the surgical site infections due to the colonization of microorganism. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conductedin the Gen eral Teaching Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" from June 2016 to June 2017 to characterize from epidemiology and microbiology point of view 38 patients who suffered from surgical site infections after undergoing a caesarean section. Wound swabsfor bacteriology cultures were collected from patients, resulting all of the specimens positive. The variables to be studied were age, risk factors, nature of the surgery, isolated microorganisms and patterns of antimicrobial resistance. The statistical data were analyzed using the Stadistics Program for Social Sciencs version 11.5 and they were summarized with the absolute frequencies and the percentage in two-dimensional tables. Post partum women from 21 to 26 years old who had anemia as a risk factor and who had undergone emergency cesarean sections predominated. The most common isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. A clear multi-resistance to antimicrobials was obtained. It was concluded that modifiable, avoidable and controllable risk factors as well as the identification of bacterium with patterns of multi-resistance to antimicrobials must be under strict and permanent epidemiology and microbiology surveillance.
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download